Chapter 21: The Furnace of the Civil War (1861-1865)

USS Merrimack vs USS Monitor

a historic naval battle during the Civil War that marked the first ever use of ironclad warships

• took place on March 0, 1862, at Hampton Roads, Virginia

Union, morale, naval

The clash between the USS Merrimack and USS Monitor ended up being a staggering victory for the ? and bolstered their ?

• influenced ? design worldwide

Robert E. Lee

the most important Confederate general of the Civil war

• known for his tactical skill and leadership

• initially opposed secession but stayed loyal to Virginia

aggressive, high

Robert E. Lee often utilized extremely ? tactics leading to ? Confederate casualties

Emancipation Proclamation

an executive order by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863

• declared freedom for all enslave individuals in Confederate states still in rebellion

moral, political, abolition, Confederacy

The Emancipation Proclamation was a powerful ? and ? move

• laid the groundwork for the complete ? of slavery

• completely shifted national / international views on the ?

Thirteenth Amendment

The amendment that officially abolished slavery in the US

• legally freed all enslaved individuals

values, legal, Civil

The Thirteenth Amendment highlighted the shift in American ? and ? standards

• foundational step for later ? Rights movements

MA 54th Regiment

One of the first African American units in the Union Army during the Civil War

• they showed both valor and bravery in their battles

freedom, equal, African

The MA 54th regiment represented ? and the fight for ? rights

• inspired other ? American to enlist

Battle of Gettysburg

A battle fought from July 1-3, 1863, representing a turning point in the Civil War

• ultimately a decisive Union victory that stopped the most ambitious Confederate attack to date

Gettysburg Address

A speech given by President Lincoln in response to the Union’s victory at the Battle of Gettysburg

• Heavy themes of fighting for the dead

  • “Don’t let their deaths be in vain”

turning, sacrifices, unity

The Battle of Gettysburg and Gettysburg Address signified one of the most major ? points in the Civil War

• in general, represented the ? of war

• emphasized national ?

Siege of Vicksburg

A crucial campaign led by Union General Ulysses S. Grant that lasted from May 18 to July 4, 1863

• Union victory that gave the North control of the Mississippi River

Anaconda, resupplying, communicating

The Siege of Vicksburg was crucial towards enacting the ? Plan (split the Confederacy in two to significantly weaken them)

• this prevented Confederate forces from ? and ?

Ulysses S. Grant

One of the most famous Union generals of the Civil War

• known for utilizing aggressive tactics that actually led to several significant Union victories

• later became president

  • his presidency wasn’t so great

Unconditional, Appomattox

Ulysses S. Grant would utilize a strategy called ? Surrender in which the loser (Confederacy) would have to listen to everything the victor tells them to do

• His strategies led to the eventual surrender at ?

• extremely pivotal in ending the Civil War

William T. Sherman

One of the most famous Union generals best known for his March to the Sea, a destructive path through Georgia

total war, morale, supply, war

General William T. Sherman applied the usage of ? to utterly shatter the South’s ?

• he disrupted Southern ? lines and weakened their ? effort

Copperheads

A faction of Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and advocated for immediate peace settlements with the Confederacy

• Lincoln arrested them for “treason” and being a public security issue

Northern, free speech

The Copperheads reflected ? divisions and highlighted tensions over ? during the Civil War