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rainwater ph
5.6
rainwater equations
CO2 + H2O > H2CO3
H2CO3 > H+ + HCO3-
HCO3- > H+ + CO3 2-
major pollutants that cause acid deposition
sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2)
how nitrogen II oxide forms
N2 + O2 > 2NO
how nitrogen IV oxide forms
2NO + O2 > 2NO2
how do nitric acid and nitrous acid form
2NO2 + H2O > HNO3 + HNO2
how does nitrous acid make nitric acid
2HNO2 + O2 > 2HNO3
how is sulfur dioxide formed
S + O2 > SO2
how is sulfur trioxide formed
2SO2 + O2 > 2SO3
how is sulfurous acid formed
SO2 + H2O > H2SO3
H2SO3 + H2O > HSO3- + H3O+
how is sulfuric acid formed
SO3 + H2O > H2SO4
what do building materials contain
calcium carbonate CaCO3
how does calcium carbonate react with acid rain
CaCO3 + H2SO4 > CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
how does iron react with acid rain
Fe+ H2SO4 > FeSO4 + H2
what are pre-combustion methods
used to reduce sulfur emissions, applied to fuels before combustion, can be done through physical cleaning or mineral beneficiation
what is a pre-combustion method
crushing coal, then using flotation to reduce the sulfur, can remove up to 80-90% of inorganic sulfur
what are post-combustion methods
remove sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals and dioxins from combustion gases before release into the atmosphere
what is a post-combustion method
calcium oxide or lime reacts with sulfur dioxide to remove it from flue gases
CaO + SO2 > CaSO3
