AO1 + AO3 EXPLANATIONS OF CONFORMITY

what is the dual dependency model?

DEUTSCH AND GERARD

claims conformity is caused by a desire to be right or to be accepeted/liked

AO3 dual dependency model

1. suggests NSI and ISI operate independently (they don't)

2. fails to consider how belonging to the group (RSI) affects conformity

3. fails to consider the effects of roles and identification on conformity

is NSI public, private...

public but not private

is ISI public, private...

public and private

what is the social identity theory?

RSI - argues once we categorise ourselves as a member of a group, these groups provide us with specific norms and values that regulate our behaviour

internalise the values of the group

compliance can happen even if you aren't with them (no surveillance)

AO3 of social identity theory

Hogg and Turner - found people will comply when the majority consists of members of an in-group but not an out-group

contradicts dual dependency - we don't comply for social approval, we comply because we feel we are a member of the group

how does group size affect conformity?

Conformity increased with group size, up to a group size of four.

2 conf = 12.8%

4 conf = 37%

How does unanimity affect conformity?

Conformity rates decrease when majority influence isn't unanimous.

how does task difficulty affect conformity?

more difficult task = greater conformity

ISI

how does mode of response affect conformity?

Ps have to call out their answers rather than write them down = conformity increases

how does cost of not complying affect conformity?

compliance increases if there is a 'price to pay' for not complying

how does culture affect conformity?

Milgram - Norwegian ps comply more than French etc.

more compliance in collectivist cultures not individualistic cultures

how does gender affect conformity?

men conform less than women

'feminine' men conform the same as women

'masculine' women conform the same as men

how does personality affect conformity?

weak affect

situations that effect behaviour -> situational factors are more influenceable than dispositional factors

what types of personality slightly increase conformity?

- low self-esteem

- strong need for approval

- lower intelligence

AO3 of personality

Marlowe and Gergen - weak/ non-existent effect