Europe and Russia Unit Exam

Collectivization

A shift of control from an individual or company to a group called a collective

demographic

having to do with population change and the different groups that make up the population of a place or region

economic oligarchy

Small group of people who control a country's economy and influence the government

oligarchs

influential group of business elites that influence the Russian government

Entrepreneurship

the ability to start and grow new businesses

communism

political and economic system in which government owns all property and makes akk economic decisions

Capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

human capital

knowledge and skills of employees

hyperinflation

An extremely rapid and sharp increase in prices

Kyoto Protocol

an amendment to the international treaty on climate change designed to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by specific countries

Nationalism

The promotion of the interests of a specific group who want to create their own self governed state

patriotism

love or devotion to one's country

petrostate

country based on oil exports

rural

relating to farm areas and life in the country

urbanization

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

service sector

the section of the economy that involves providing intangible services

Sanctions

restrictions intended to enforce international law

Colonialism

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

Volga River

longest river in Europe

Mount Elbrus

Highest mountain in Europe

Ukraine

Largest country in Europe

Vatican City

Smallest country in the world

Alps Mountains

A mountain range in south central Europe stretching from eastern France and northern Italy through Switzerland and Austria

Ural Mountains

This north south range separates Siberia from the rest of Russia. It is commonly considered the boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia.

Pyrenees Mountains

A mountain range that extends along the border between France and Spain

Vladimir Putin

Current president of Russia

Keir Starmer

Prime Minister of the UK

Frank Walter Steinmeier

President of Germany

Volodymyr Zelenskyy

President of Ukraine

Baltic States

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

Nordic States

Iceland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark

United Kingdom

England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland

Iberian Countries

Portugal and Spain

European Union

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

The Troubles

The conflict between 1968 to 1998 in Northern Ireland between the Protestants and Catholics in the area

Crimea Peninsula

in the extreme southern Ukraine in the Black Sea invaded by Russia in 2014

Brexit

Term used to describe Great Britain's departure from the European Union

Cold War

the power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II

Yugoslav Wars

a series of violent conflicts fought in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1991 and 1995 that led to the first genocide in Europe since WW2

Chernobyl

nuclear power plant in Russia that had an explosion in 1986 & released radioactive materials into the air

Collapse of the Soviet Union

End of the Cold War in 1991 leading to the creation of 15 new countries

population density

Number of individuals per unit area

Population Pyramid

A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population

developed country (definition)

a modern, industrialized country in which people are generally better educated and healthier and live longer than people in developing countries do

developing country (definition)

A country that has low industrial production and little modern technology

St. Basil's Cathedral

Moscow, Russia

Eiffel Tower

Paris, France

Big Ben

London, England

Coliseum

Rome, Italy

climate zones

tropical, subtropical, temperate, polar, etc.

Revolutions of 1848

Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe during a time after the Congress of Vienna when conservative monarchs were trying to maintain their power. The monarchy in France was overthrown. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary the revolutions failed.

Goals of the European Union

Conflict Resolution, Promotion of Cultural Tolerance, Migration between Member States, Promotion of Free Trade

Types of Nationalism

Civic, Ethnic, Religious, Cultural, Anti Colonial

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations