1.5 vocab

asylum

the right to protection in a country

brain drain

the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another- often richer- country

chain migration

type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there

circular migration

migration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs

circulation

temporary, repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis

emigration

movement away from a location

forced migration

type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors

friction of distance

a concept that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve

gravity model

a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton's law of universal gravitation

guest workers

a migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor

human migration

the permanent movement of people from one place to another

human trafficking

defined by the United Nations as "the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)"

immigration

movement to a location

internal migration

movement within a country's borders

internally displaced persons

person who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains within the country's borders

interregional migration

movement from one region of the country to another

intervening obstacle

an occurrence that holds migrants back

intervening opportunity

an occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice

interregional migration

movement within one region of the country

kinship links

networks of relatives and friends

mobility

all types of movement from one location to another, whether temporary or permanent or over short or long distances

net migration

the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or a country

pull factor

a positive cause that attracts someone to a new location

push factor

a negative cause that compels someone to leave a location

quotas

limit on the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year

refugees

a person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or death

relocation diffusion

the spread of culture traits through the movement of people

remittances

money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country

repatriate

to return to one's home country

skills gap

a shortage of people trained in a particular industry

step migration

series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination

transhumance

the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter

transnational migration

international migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their countries of origin

voluntary migration

type of migration in which people make the choice to move to a new place