AP Euro Unit 8: 20th Century Global Conflicts

What political ideologies divided Europe in the 20th century?

democracy and communism

Treaty of Versailles

ended WWI; imposed harsh penalties on Germany leading to resentment and desire for revenge

What were economic conflicts in the 20th century?

Great Depression; high unemployment rates and poverty led to rise of extremist political parties; desire for resources and markets led to competition

What were social issues during the 20th century?

nationalism and ethnic tensions; Treaty of Versailles redrew borders; rise of fascism and anti-semitism

What are the causes of WWI?

militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism

military advances during WWI

tanks, poison gas, airplanes, machine guns, submarines, trench warfare, telecommunications, and medical advancements

major battles of WWI

Battle of the Somme, Battle of Verdun, Battle of the Marne

Paris Peace Conference

Allied Powers and Central Powers negotiated terms to end the war

Bolshevik Revolution

political revolution in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin; response to social, economic, and political conditions of Russia- mostly harsh working conditions; overthrew Tsarist government

February Revolution

protest and strikes broke out in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) due to food shortages; government responded with violence, fueling revolution; Tsar abdicated and provisional government established

October Revolution

Bolsheviks seized power from provisional government; established socialist government and began implementing policies to redistribute land and wealth

parts of the Russian Revolution

February Revolution, October Revolution, Civil War, Establishment of the Soviet Union

causes of Russian Civil War

political and social upheaval following Russian Revolution; many opposed Bolsheviks and wanted either monarchy or democratic government

parties of the Russian Civil War

Red Army (Bolsheviks) and White Army (anti-Bolsheviks)

consequences of Russian Civil War

Bolsheviks established Soviet Union and Communist International

League of Nations

international organization aimed at promoting peace and cooperation among nations

Great Depression

severe worldwide economic depression; deepest, longest, most widespread depression in 20th century

causes of Great Depression

stock market crass of 1929, overproduction, bank failures, protectionism

impact of Great Depression

unemployment, political instability, economic decline

Keynesian Economics

advocates for government intervention in the economy to stabilize it during times of economic downturns; government should increase its spending during times of recession to stimulate economic growth

Marxist Economics

advocates for abolition of private property and establishment of a socialist economy; capitalism is inherently exploitative and leads to inequality and poverty; means of production should be owned by workers and profits should be distributed equally

Austrian Economics

advocates for free markets and limited government intervention in the economy- should only intervene to protect property rights and enforce contracts

What are the characteristics of fascist leaders?

centralized power, oppression of opposition, nationalism, propaganda, militarism, personality cult