Medical Terminology - Chapter 7

aer/o

air

alveol/o

alveolus

anthrac/o

coal

atel/o

incomplete

bronch/o, bronchi/o

bronchus

bronchiol/o

bronchiole

coni/o

dust

cyan/o

blue

cyst/o

sac

diaphragmat/o

diaphragm

epiglott/o

epiglottis

hal/o

to breathe

laryng/o

larynx

lob/o

lobe

muc/o

mucus

nas/o

nose

ox/o, ox/i

oxygen

pharyng/o

pharynx

pleur/o

pleura

pneum/o, pneumon/o

lung, air

pulmon/o

lung

rhin/o

nose

sept/o

wall

sinus/o

sinus

somn/o

sleep

spir/o

breathing

trache/o

trachea, windpipe

tuss/o

cough

-capnia

carbon dioxide

-osmia

smell

-phonia

voice

-phylaxis

protection

-pnea

breathing

-ptysis

spitting

-thorax

chest

Tidal volume (TV)

volume of air moving in and out of lungs in a single relaxed breath

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation

residual volume (RV)

volume of air remaining in lungs after a forced exhalation

inspiratory capacity (IC)

The volume of air inhaled after a normal exhalation

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

amt of air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation

Vital capacity (VC)

volume of air that can be exhaled after a max inhalation; equal to TV+IRV+ERV

total lung capacity

volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation

alveolar

pert to alveoli

bronchial

pert to a bronchus

bronchiolar

bronchiole

diaphragmatic

pert to diaphragm

epiglottic

pert to epiglottis

laryngeal

pert to larynx

lobar

pert to lobe of lung

mucous

pert to mucus

nasal

pert to nose

nasopharyngeal

pert to nose and pharynx

paranasal

pert to beside the nose

pharyngeal

pert to pharynx

pleural

pert to pleura

pulmonary

pert to lung

septal

pert to nasal septum

thoracic

pert to chest

tracheal

pert to trachea

internal medicine

medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs; including respiratory, internist

otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of ear, nose, throat; otorhinolaryngologist

pulmonology

diagnosis and treatment of diseases of disorders in the respiratory system; pulmonologist

respiratory therapy

health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders. Respiratory therapists conduct pulmonary function tests, monitors o2 and co2 lvls in blood, administer breathing treatments, and manages ventilators

thoracic surgery

diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of respiratory system by surgical means; thoracic surgeon

anosmia

lack of sense of smell

anoxia

inability to obtain oxygen from inhaled air

aphonia

inability to produce sound

apnea

not breathing

asphyxia

lack of oxygen; can lead to unconsciousness and death

aspiration

withdrawing fluid using suction; also inhaling food or liquid into trachea

bradypnea

breathing too slowly; low respiratory rate

bronchiectasis

dilated bronchi

bronchospasm

involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in bronchial walls

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

abnormal breathing pattern with long periods of apnea followed by deep and rapid breathing

clubbing

abnormal widening and thickening of fingers and toes cs chronic o2 deficiency

crackles

abnormal crackling sound during inspiration; indicated fluid or mucus in airway; RALES

cyanosis

blue skin caused by low o2 in blood

dysphonia

difficulty producing sound or producing abnormal sound

dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing

epistaxis

NOSEBLEED

eupnea

normal breathing and respiratory rate

hemoptysis

coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum

hemothorax

blood in the chest cavity

hypercapnia

excessive carbon dioxide in body

hyperpnea

taking deep breaths

hyperventilation

breathing too fast and too deep

hypocapnia

insufficient lvls of co2 in body

hypopnea

taking shallow breaths

hypoventilation

breathing too slow and too shallow

hypoxemia

having insufficient o2 in the bloodstream

hypoxia

receiving an insufficient amt of o2 from inhaled air

laryngoplegia

paralysis of muscles controlling the larynx

orthopnea

difficulty breathing, made worse by lying flat; patient breathes better sitting up

pansinusitis

inflammation of all paranasal sinuses

patent

open/unblocked

phlegm

thick mucus secreted by the respiratory membranes

pleural rub

grating sound made when layers of pleura rub together during respiration

pleurodynia

pleural pain

pyothorax

presence of pus in chest cavity; indicative of bacterial infection