gram negative bacteria

what colour do gram negative bacteria stain?

pink

what are the two main shapes of gram negative bacteria?

- bacilli

- cocci

what are the two main subdivisions of gram negative bacilli?

- enterobacteriaceae (coliforms)

- pseudomonadaceae (pseudomonads)

are gram negative bacilli generally antibiotic resistant or sensitive?

resistant

are gram negative bacilli generally antiseptic resistant or sensitive?

resistant

are gram negative bacilli generally resistant or sensitive to drying?

sensitive

what are some examples coliforms?

- E.coli

- enterobacter

- klebsiella (pneumoniae)

- proteus

- salmonellae

where do coliforms live?

gut

what infection type do coliforms cause?

opportunistic and primary

what intestinal opportunistic infection examples do coliforms cause?

- appendicitis

- diverticulitis

- biliary infection

what urosepsis opportunistic infections do coliforms cause?

UTIs

what hospital opportunistic infections do coliforms cause?

ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)

what primary infections do coliforms cause?

- salmonellas

- shigellas

- E coli

what are the gram negative antibiotics used for coliforms? (5)

broad spectrum:

- amoxycillin (50% resistant)

- trimethoprim (25% resistant)

- co-amoxyclav

- cephalosporins

- gentamicin

what are some examples of pseudomonads?

- pseudomonas aeruginosa

- burkholderia cepacia

- stenotrophomonas maltophilia

- haemophilus influenzae

when can pseudomonads cause HCAIs?

- moisture

- antimicrobial use

when can pseudomonads cause primary infection?

in contaminated water

what are two types of haemophilus influenzae bacteria?

- capsulate

- non-capsulate

what infections can capsulate haemophilus influenzae cause?

primary:

- HIB

- meningitis

what infections can non-capsulate haemophilus influenzae cause?

opportunistic:

- COPD

- sinusitis

- otitis media

what is the main type of gram negative cocci?

neisseria

what type of cocci is neisseria?

diplococci

what are the two main types of neisseria?

- n. gonorrhoeae (gonococci)

- n. meningitidis meningococci

what gram are the gram negative antibiotics used for pseudomonads and resistant coliforms?

broad spectrum:

- gentamicin

- ciprofloxacin