Botany - Parts of Twig, Xylem and Phloem, and types of roots Quiz

Bud scale

a small, modified leaf on the outside of a bud

Bud scale scar

the scar left on a twig when a bud scale falls

Bundle trace

dot'like scars within a leaf scar, representing the broken ends of vascular bundles

Internode

the part of the twig between two nodes

Lateral bud

a bud along the sides of a twig and not at the tip

Leaf scare

the scar left on a leaf when the leaf falls

Lenticel

a corky spot on the bark that acts like a pore to let gas enter the twig

Node

where on the twig the leaf is attached

Pith

the center, soft part of a twig containing the xylem and phloem

Terminal bud

a bud that is at the tip of a branch

Xylem

MOVES ONLY WATER!!!!

1. the plumbing of a plant
2. made of vessels and transport cells that circulate water and dissolved nutrients
3. how water gets from the roots far away to the leaves
4. made of vessels connected end-to-end for maximum speed to move water around
5. die after a year and regrow = this makes rings in trees

Phloem

UPS TRANSPORT

1. The UPS transport of a plant
2. made of cells laid end-to-end through entire plant transporting sugars produced by photosynthesis and some water
3. can move food and water in both directions
4. Always alive = the sap coming from trees
5. If phloem does die, it becomes the bark of a tree

Taproot

One main shoot that anchors the plant, grows straight down into the ground. Has multiple offshoots.

1. can grow up to 75ft, so these plants tend to be resistant to drought
2. roots grow in one areas and deeply, can be tough to remove
3. plants like carrots use taproot for storage

Fibrous/Adventitious root

More shallow and brach-like roots

1. are all nearly equal & share all the responsibility of anchoring a plant in place
2. spread outward quietly and take over areas quickly - can be hard to contain

Root functions

responsible for holding a plant in place and the uptake of water and nutrients into the stem

Bud functions

a bud is a small, undeveloped part of the plant that has the potential to grow into a leaf, flower, or a new shoot