Perio End of chapter Exam 2

chapter 4,5,6,11,12, 13

Which of the following is considered a periodontal disease ?

A. Gingivitis

B. Periodontitis

C. Both A and B

C. Both gingivitis and periodontits

All of the following are categories of periodontitis, EXCEPT:

A. Necrotizing periodontal disease

B. Periodontitis

C. Periodontits as a manifestation of systemic disease

D. gingivitis

D. Gingivitis

which of the following falls in the category of “other conditions” affecting periodontium?

A. Dental plaque-induced gingival disease

B. gingival disease modified by medications

C. Traumatic occlusal forces

D. Necrotizing periodontal disease 

C. Traumatic Occlusal forces 

which of the following is a classification of periodontal disease that is described as a group of periodontal that could be associated with an ascorbic acid deficiency?

A. Non-plaque-induced gingivitis

B. Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 

c. genetic/developmental disorders

D. drug-induced gingival enlargement 

B. Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases 

all of the following are gingival diseases, except:
A. Drug-induced gingival enlargement

B. traumatic lesions

C. gingival pigmentation

D. Necrotizing stomatitis

D. Necrotizing Stomatitis

Which of the following describes stage III periodontitis 

A. Moderate periodontitis

B. severe periodontitis with potential for additional tooth loss

C. Periodontitis with a rapid rate of progression 

B. severe periodontitis with potential for additional tooth loss

Which of the following lists the 3 major forms of periodontitis?

A. necrotizing periodontal disease, periodontitis, periodontitis as a manifestion of systemic disease 

B. Stage I, Stage II, stage III

C. Grade A, grade B, grade C

A. necrotizing periodontal disease, periodontitis, periodontitis as a manifestion of systemic disease 

peri-implant disease includes all of the following except:

A. Peri-implant health

B. peri-implantitis

C. Peri-implant mucositis 

A. Peri-implant health

Periodontal diseases involving inflammation limited to the gingiva in response to dental plaque are termed:

A. Periodontitis
B. Non plaque induced gingival diseases
C. Biofilm-induced gingival diseases
D. Gingiviostomatitis

C. Biofilm-induced gingival diseases

Which of the following is the most common type of periodontal disease?

A. Non plaque induced gingival diseases
B. Dental biofilm-induced gingival diseases
C. Periodontitis
D. Both B and C above

B. Dental biofilm-induced gingival diseases

Gingivitis from poor self-care that has existed for years without progressing to periodontitis is termed:

A. Localized gingivitis
B. Generalized gingivitis
C. Necrotizing gingivitis
D. Plaque induced gingivitis

D. Plaque induced gingivitis 

Redness, swelling, bleeding, and tenderness of the gingiva in response to dental plaque only are clinical signs of which of the following?

A. Periodontitis
B. Non plaque induced gingival diseases
C. Non-dental biofilm-induced gingival diseases
D. Gingivostomatitis

C. Non-dental biofilm-induced gingival diseases

Gingivitis in an adolescent as a result of an exaggerated inflammatory response to a relatively small amount of plaque and increased levels of sex hormones is termed:

A. Non-plaque induced gingival disease
B. Puberty associated gingivitis
C. Diabetes associated gingivitis
D. Cyclosporine induced gingivitis

B. Puberty associated gingivitis

Gingivitis as a result of exaggerated inflammatory response to plaque and hormone changes in a pregnant women that includes a localized mushroom-shaped mass projecting from a gingival papilla is termed:

A. Non plaque induced gingival disease
B. Puberty-associated gingivitis
C. Leukemia associated gingivitis
D. Pregnancy associated pyogenic granuloma

D. Pregnancy associated pyogenic granuloma

what is smoker’s melanosis an example of?

A. Traumatic lesion

B. Gingival pigmentation

C. Neoplasm

D. reactive process

B. Gingival pigmentation

Gingivitis as the result of an allergic reaction to an ingredient in toothpaste is termed:

A. Intraoral allergic reaction
B. Erythema multiforme
C. Lichen planus
D. Gingivostomatitis

A. Intraoral allergic reaction 

Examples of medications that cause gingival enlargement include all EXCEPT:

A. Calcium channel blockers
B. Anticonvulsants
C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatoriy drug
D. Immunosuppressants

C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatoriy drug

Ascorbic acid deficiency gingivitis is a severely low level of:

A. Vitamin B
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin C

Non-dental biofilm induced gingival lesions:

A. Heal after meticulous plaque control
B. Are not affected by the presence of plaque
C. May have various causes
D. Always require periodontal therapy

C. May have various causes 

a bacterial infection of the periodontium characterized by a slow destruction of periodontal ligament, slow loss of supporting bone, and a good response to periodontal therapy is termed:

A. Periodontitis

B. Refractory periodontitis

C. necrotizing periodontal disease

D. recurrent periodontal disease

A. Periodontitis

New signs and symptoms of destructive periodontitis that reappear after periodontal therapy because the disease was not adequately treated and/or the patient did not maintain adequate self-care is termed:

A. Refractory form of disease

B. Recurrent form of disease 

B. Recurrent form of disease 

periodontitis in which 30% or LESS of the sites in the mouth have experienced attachment loss and bone loss is termed:

A. Non-plaque-induced gingivitis

B. Localized periodontitis

C. Generalized periodontitis 

B. Localized periodontitis

Chronic periodontitis in which MORE than 30 percent of the sites in the mouth have experienced attachment loss and bone loss is termed:

A. Non-plaque-induced gingivitis

B. Localized periodontitis

C. Generalized periodontitis 

C. Generalized periodontitis 

Probing depth of 5 mm or less that show as even horizontal bone loss on radipgraphs occurs in which of the following stages of periodontitis?

A. Stage I

B. Stage II

C. Stage III

D. Stage IV

B. Stage II

Tissue destruction that is characterized by increased CAL of 2 mm or more over a 5-year period has a grade of: 

A. Grade A

B. Grade B

C. Grade C

C. Grade C

A single microscopic organism is termed:

A. Bacteria

B. Bacterium

C. Nucleoli

D. Aerobic

B. Bacterium

Bacteria that have double cell membranes and that do not stain purple with crystal violet are called:

A. Aerobic

B. Anaerobic

C. Gram positive

D. Gram negative

D. Gram negative

A well-organized community of bacteria that adheres to surfaces and is embedded in an extracellular slime layer is termed:

A. Aerobic

B. Anaerobic

C. Biofilm

D.. Bacterial microcolony 

C. Biofilm 

Which structure of a biofilm protects the bacterial microcolonies from systemic antibiotics and the body's immune system?

A. Acquired pellicle

B. Extracellular slime layer

C. Fluid channels

D. Primitive communication system

B. Extracellular slime layer

Which structure of a biofilm facilitates the movement of nutrients to the bacteria?

A. Acquired pellicle

B. Extracellular slime layer

C. Fluid channels

D. Primitive communication system

C. Fluid channels 

Which of the following would be most effective in controlling the bacteria in a dental
plaque biofilm?

A. Systemic antibiotic 

B. antimicrobial agent

C. Very high doses of an antibiotic

D. Toothbrush and floss 

D. Toothbrush and floss 

Current perspective of the etiology of periodontal disease states plaque biofilm is necessary for initial inflammation and plaque biofilm alone is not sufficient for periodontal destruction

A. first statement is true, second statement is false

B. First statement is false, second statement is true

C. Both statements are true

D. Both statements are false 

C. Both statements are true

which hypothesis states that an abundance of biofilm bacteria causes the tissue destruction seen in periodontitis?

A. Ecological plaque hypothesis

B. Nonspecific plaque hypothesis

C. keystone pathogen-host response hypothesis

D. specific plaque hypothesis

B. Nonspecific plaque hypothesis

microbial blooms occur in which stage of plaque biofilm development in the oral cavity?

A. Stage I

B Stage 2

C. stage 3

D. Stage 4

D. stage 4

What is the primary purpose of the immune system

A. Defend the life of host (the individual)

B. identify bacterial invaders 

C. cause swelling and redness at infection site

D. Phagocytize bacteria 

A. Defend the life of host (the individual)

all of the following are classic symptoms of acute inflammation, except:

A. loss of function

B. bruising

C. swelling

D. Heat

B. Bruising

in which stage of inflammation is pain a common symptom?

A. Acute inflammation

B. Chronic inflammation 

A. Acute inflammation

which of these immune cells secrete antibodies?

A. Macrophages 

B. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

C. B-lymphocytes

D. T-lymphocytes 

C. B-lymphocytes

which of the following is defined as a complex series of inactive, nonnucleated proteins circulating in the bloodstream that facilitates the destruction of bacteria by phagocytosis or puncturing baceterial cell membranes?

A. PMNs

B. Antigens

C. B-lymphocytes

D. Complement system

D. Complement system

all of the following are components of the immune system system, except

A. hemidesmosomes

B. Immunoglobulins

C. Macrophages

D. Complement system

A. hemidesmosomes

which of the following is a normal process that protects and heals the body following physical injury or infection

A. acute inflammation

B. Chronic inflammation

A. Acute inflammation 

chronic inflammation is a pathologic condition characterized by host tisusue destruction. In chronic inflammation, the inflammatory process can become so intense that it inflicts permanent damage to body tissues.

A. Both are true

B. Both are false

C. First statement is true, second is false.

D. First statement is false, second is true

A. Both are true 

What is the term for the process whereby leukocytes migrate toward the infection site in response to bioactive compounds released by leukocytes? 

A. transendothelial migration

B. phagocytosis

C. Chemotaxis

D. Inflammation 

C. Chemotaxis 

Both NKT-lymphocytes and NK-lymphocytes are “natural killers”. NK lymphocytes do not require pre-activation by other immune cells so they are true “natural killers”.

A. Both are true

B. Both are false

C. First statement is true, second is false.

D. First statement is false, second is true

A. both are true

the primary purpose of the immune system when it responds to a bacterial infection of the periodontium is to:

a. defend the life of the host 

b. identify the bacterial invaders

c. preserve the tooth and its periodontium so that no teeth are lost

d. phagocytize bacteria at the site 

a. defend the life of the host 

which of the following is the cause of nearly all the tissue destruction seen in periodontitis?

A. bacteria

b. host response 

B. host response 

Cytokines that play an important role in periodontitis are:
A. PGE
B. IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a
C. PPT
D. MMP

B. IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a

When PMNs rush to the site of infection of the periodontium, they release substances that destroy healthy gingival connective tissue. What is the advantage of connective tissue destruction in this instance?
A. The tissue needs to be destroyed just in case some bacteria are in the tissue
B. The connective tissue destruction existed before the PMNs arrived in the tissue

C. Tissue destruction allows the blood vessels to dilate
D. This creates a pathway for the PMNs to move quickly through the tissue

D. This creates a pathway for the PMNs to move quickly through the tissue

If the bacterial pathogens in early gingivitis continue to proliferate, what is the next phase of disease progression?
A. Early plaque accumulation
B. Early gingivitis
C. Established gingivitis

D. Periodontitis

C. established gingivitis

In which of the following phases of periodontal disease progression does the plaque biofilm extend subgingivally into the gingival sulcus?
A. Plaque accumulation phase
B. Established gingivitis phase
C. Inflammatory mediator phase
D. Periodontitis phase

B. Established gingivitis phase

Which phase of periodontal disease progression is characterized by tissue destruction?
A. Plaque accumulation phase
B. Established gingivitis phase
C. Inflammatory mediator phase
D. Periodontitis phase

D. periodontitis stage

The immune biochemical mediators secreted by the immune cells are responsible for which of the following tissue destruction seen in periodontitis?
A. Destruction of gingival connective tissue
B. Resorption of alveolar bone
C. Breakdown of periodontal ligament
D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which is associated with gingival health?
A. Dysbiosis
B. Matrix metalloproteinases
C. Symbiotic biofilm
D. Lipopolysaccharide

C. Symbiotic biofilm

Which of the following is a known environmental risk factor for periodontal diseases?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Obesity
C. Pappilon- Lefevre syndrom
D. Tobacco smoking

D. tobacco smoking