Biology Chapter 4 Cell Respiration

What is cell respiration?

Getting energy from glucose

What is ATP?

The primary energy currency of the cell

What is ADP?

A crucial molecule that turns into ATP

What is Acetyl CoA?

A molecule that links carbs, fats, and protein metabolism

What does aerobic mean?

Requiring oxygen

What does anaerobic mean?

Not having oxygen

What is glucose?

Simple sugar; body's primary energy source; C6H12O6

What is glycolysis?

The process of breaking down glucose into 2 pyruvate, generating net 2 ATP and 2 NADH

What is pyruvate?

An organic acid produced through glycolysis when glucose splits

What is fermentation?

Energy production without oxygen

What is the Krebs Cycle?

A series of reactions in mitochondria that generates energy for the cell

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

A series of reactions in the inner mitochondrial membrane that produces large amounts of ATP and water

What is NADH?

A protein used in various processes

What is FADH2?

An electron carrier in cell respiration

Why is cell respiration important?

It makes ATP

Where does glycolysis occur and does it require oxygen?

In the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria; no oxygen required

How can energy be produced both aerobically and anaerobically?

Cell respiration and lactic acid fermentation

Why do cardiac muscle cells contain more mitochondria than skin cells?

They need more energy (ATP)

What is the importance of ATP to the cell?

It is the main energy source

What is the basic chemical equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + H2O + ATP

What happens during glycolysis?

Glucose breaks down into pyruvates; net 2 ATP and NADH are produced

What happens during the Krebs Cycle?

Pyruvate turns into NADH and FADH2; CO2 is released

What happens during the Electron Transport Chain?

Electrons are used to make 34 ATP using oxygen

What is the function of the Krebs cycle?

Produces NADH and FADH2

What is the function of oxygen in the electron transport portion of cellular respiration?

Combines with H+ from NADH and FADH2

What do fermentation and cell respiration have in common?

Both produce ATP; fermentation occurs without oxygen, while cellular respiration requires oxygen

Why do we need to breathe rapidly after exercising?

To replace lost ATP

Why will the human brain die without oxygen?

The brain does not have any anaerobic process, so without oxygen, no process can occur

What are the two basic types of fermentation?

Lactic acid and alcohol

What was the mystery of the 7 deaths?

Cyanide cuts off oxygen supply to the Electron Transport Chain

How does the sun's energy ultimately become ATP in humans?

It enters plants where photosynthesis occurs, producing glucose, which humans eat and then break down in cellular respiration