Skinner

What was the name of the type of conditioning Skinner discovered?

Operant

behaviour is formed by its ______________

consequences

What are the two types of consequences suggested by skinner that can be either positive or negetive?

punishment and reinforcement

What animals were used in his experiments?

rats and pidgeons

What happened when the rats pushed a lever?

they were given a pellet

WHat was given to the rats to make them avoid certain behaivours?

electric shocks

What is POSITIVE reinforcement?

receiving a reward for a certain behaviour so it is more likely to be performed again

What is NEGATIVE reinforcement?

Feeling a reward by avoiding something unpleasant

What is a schedule of reinforcement?

a specific pattern of presentation of reinforcement over time

What is continuous reinforcement?

every behaviour is reinforced

What is fixed ratio?

where every nth action is rewarded

What is fixed interval?

reinforcemnet at fixed time intervals

What is variable ratio?

reinforced after an unpredictable number of times

What is variable interval?

reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time

Which schedules of reinforcement are best for slow extinction?

Variable ratio and interval

What schedule of reinforcement is a coffee shop reward card?

fixed interval

What type of reinforcement is handing in homework so you don't get yelled at?

negetive reinforcement

What is positive Punishment?

adding an undesirable stimulus after an unwanted behaviour to discourage repetition

What type of punishment is hitting and example of?

Positive punishment

What is negative punishment?

Taking a pleasant stimulus away to decrease a behaviour

What type of punishment is taking a phone away an example of?

negative punishment

What schedule of reinforcement is a slot machine an example of?

variable ratio