History (Agoncillo) - Part III No. 8 Campaign for Reforms
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pp. 135-155
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Spanish and Filipino mestizos
The middle class was composed of _____________
Spanish abuses; province
The middle class denounced _____________ and asked Spain to make the Philippines a ___________ of Spain
Spanish Corte's, immune, taxes
As Spanish citizens: (1) representation in the ________; (2) __________ from the abuses of the Spaniards and freed from paying unreasonable
reformers, words, sword
The rich and the intellectuals were then (reformers/revolutionists) for they believed in the power of ___________ and not of the _______, to achieve their purpose.
propertied (“rich“), intellectual
Half of their number (middle class) belonged to the _________ class; the other half to the _______ class
Graciano López Jaena
Born in Jaro, Iloilo on Dec. 17, 1856, the son of Plácido López and María Jacobo Jaena.
Seminary of Jaro; Paulists
Graciano López Jaena studied in what seminary? What group operated that seminary?
Fray Botod
Tale produced by Graciano López Jaena early in his life
Botod
Fray Botod deals with the ignorance, abuses, and immorality of a certain friar named _______
botod, botyok
Hiligaynon word for a big-bellied man:__________ ;equivalent to the Tagalog slang: ___________
Spain, medicine, University of Valencia
In 1880, Graciano López Jaena secretly left for _______ and studied ________ at the _____________________
Madrid
Graciano López Jaena later transferred to ____________ (from Valencia), for he found the atmosphere congenial.
International Congress of Commercial Geography
One of Jaena’s greatest oratical triumphs occured in Madrid in 1882 during the celebration of what international congress?
Fr. Ramon Martinez Vigil
Famous friar on the ocassion of Jaena’s oratical triumph in Madrid in 1882, who had been to the Philippines and had written an article on the ancient Tagalog script
Lord Byron (Source: T.A. Agoncillo, THFP, p. 139)
According to T.A. Agoncillo, after his oratical triumph in Madrid in 1882, Jaena woke up the next morning to find himself famous like a certain English poet who was one of the major figures of the Romantic movement. Who is this poet?
Teatro de Madrid, “discovery’ of America, America, Philippines
In 1888, at the ______________ on the 391’st anniversary of the __________(event)__________, López Jaena delivered an impassioned speech in which he called __________ the brains of the commercial world and the ___________ the heart in which “all the arteries, all the veins of the industrial and commercial wealth converge.”
semi-feudal, oppression, intolerance, fanaticism
In his 1888 speech, López Jaena pointed out that the Filipinos did not want a ________ state, neither did they want the friars who represented “__________, _________ and _________.”
free press, Cortés
(López Jaena’s 1888 speech) The Filipinos wanted a ___________ and the right to be represented in the __________
Dr. Calcaño, Venezuelan Minister to Spain
After López Jaena’s 1888 speech at the Teatro de Madrid, who was the leader who embraced him in the name of Latin America, and what was the leader’s title?
La Solidaridad
In 1889, the Filipino reformists founded this newspaper to promote the interests of the Philippines and the Filipinos.
Pablo Rianzares (financier), Graciano López Jaena (editor)
The first number of this periodical came out on February 15. Who were the financier and the editor of the said periodical?
To be a propagandist
The aims of the La Solidaridad in a word …
Philippines
According to the aims of the La Solidaridad, which country needs the most help as not being represented in the Cortés
patriotic duty
According to the aims of the La Solidaridad, the accomplishment of defending the democratic rights of the Philippines is our what?
theocracy and traditionalism
According to the aims of the La Solidaridad, the nation of eight million souls should not and must not be the exclusive preserve of what two systems
Sol
Loving reference to the La Solidaridad by the reformists
La Solidaridad
The mouthpiece of the Filipinos in Spain during the Reform Movement
Discursos y Articulos Varios
In 1891, at Barcelona, López Jaena collected his speeches and articles and published them in book form under what title?
Graciano López Jaena
According to T.A. Agoncillo, who should be credited for initating the reform movement?
Graciano López Jaena
A great orator that even Spaniards admired his command of their language. He was fiery, a man of small stature and slovenly habits. He was almost always in rags, and the Filipino colony in Spain felt ashamed of him and his eccentricities.
sardines
According to T.A. Agoncillo, Graciano López Jaena ate what with his fingers which he cleaned afterwards by simply wiping them with his coat?
Mariano Ponce
Who is this Filipino reformist who bought suits for López Jaena but whom López Jaena implored to throw the suits away because he was enamored of his old and dirty ones?
Graciano López Jaena
Yet anyone reading his speeches or articles would easily feel the impact of his hidden personality. For he had the power and the genius of a born orator. That is why his eccentricities, while shameful, were easily forgiven and forgotten, for when he spoke, he shone with a halo of saintliness. Who is the Filipino reformist referred to here?
Ateneo de Barcelona
In what institution in Barcelona was Graciano López Jaena invited to where he conjured up imaginary facts in such a manner as to convince his hearers of the truth of what he was saying?
Graciano López Jaena
After his speech, he remarked: “If what I have said was not true, no one among those present could belie me either, because on that subject they are as ignorant as I am”
No; free lodging, meals, clothing, and a little pocket money for trivial expenses
As editor of the Sol, did López Jaena receive his salary? What did he get instead?
Food
To make López Jaena write, Filipinos would refuse him what?
café
Where did López Jaena spend most of his waking hours, where his friends would give him sheets of paper on which to write his pieces, in which he wrote with ease when his head was full of spirits?
Barcelona, Tuberculosis
On July 20, 1896, López Jaena died in what city and due to what disease?
Marcelo H. del Pilar
The “political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain.”
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Who was born on August 30, 1850 to Julian H. del Pilar and Blasa Gatmaitan?
barrio of Kupang, Bulakan, Bulakan
Where was Marcelo H. del Pilar born?
His father (Julian H. del Pilar)
From whom did Marcelo inherit his love for the arts?
College of San José
Where did Marcelo H. del Pilar study before finishing his law course in another institution in 1880?
University of Santo Tomás
In what school did Marcelo H. del Pilar study to finish his law degree?
Marciana del Pilar, cousin
In 1878, who did Marcelo marry and how are they related by blood?
Anita, Sofia
Who are the only two surviving children of Marcelo with Marciana del Pilar?
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Who began his career as the “country’s evangelist” in 1880?
Tagalog
Marcelo H. del Pilar was a master of what language he used to try to arouse the conciousness of the masses to the necessity of acting as a unified people?
Diariong Tagalog
In 1882, what nationalistic newspaper was founded by Marcelo H. del Pilar
Marcelo H. del Pilar, Diariong Tagalog
Who founded the nationalistic newspaper in 1882, which unfortunately did not live long enough to become a major force in Filipino society? What is this newspaper?
Todos
Once, at a barrio fiesta, Marcelo del Pilar heard a friar holding forth on the miracles of the saints. What was the priests quick reply to del Pilar’s question, “How many miraculous saints do we have in the Philippines?”
José Rodríguez
In the year 1888, which Spanish friar issued a series of pamphlets denouncing Rizal and his Noli Me Tangere, one of which is Caingat Cayo
Caingat Cayo
As a response to Rodriguez's Caingat Cayo, what pamphlet did Marcelo del Pilar write?
Dolores Manapat
What was the pen name that Del Pilar use when writing Caingat Cayo?
Vicente Garcia, V. Caraig (refer to p. 142)
A certain nationalistic Filipino priest of Tanawan, Batangas refuted Fr. Rodriguez’ attack on Rizal and his novel, Noli Me Tangere. This was at the same time when del Pilar came to the defense of Rizal by writing his pamphlet entitled “Caingat Cayo.” Who was this priest and in what pen name did he write?
Dasalan at Toksohan
Not content with defending Rizal by writing his pamphlet, Caingat Cayo, del Pilar wrote a satire which was a parody of the Prayer Book. What is the title of this satire?
Amain Namin
Del Pilar’s parody of the “Our Father.”
throat, rice, lowing, money
Amain Namin: “… may thy _____ be slit here on earth as it is in heaven… Give back this day our daily _____… draw our laughter by thy ____ as thou laughest when thou stealest our _____”
Ten Commandments of the Friars
What was del Pilar’s parody of the Ten Commandments titled as?
friar, honor, wealth
“The Ten Commandments of the Friars boil down to two things: first, worship the ______ above all, and second, offer him thy ______ and _______.
True
(True/False) Marcelo del Pilar wrote editorials and articles in the Sol.
Spain
The Spanish authorities promptly ordered the arrest of Marcelo H. del Pilar but he slipped the country and left for what country in October 1888?
Marcelo H. del Pilar
In December 1889, who took over the editorship of the Sol?
flock of sheep
In one of Marcelo del Pilar’s editorials, he wrote: “There is an aspiration for better life in the Philippines; the people who pay the taxes, the country that supports the Spanish flag with its farm and blood — this faithful country is aware that she is not composed of mere _____________.”
(In full) (1) removal of the friars and the secularization of the parishes, (2) active participation in the affairs of the government, (3) freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly, (4) a wider social and political freedom, (5) equality before the law, (6) assimilation, (7) representation in the Spanish Cortés
Under del Pilar, give me the main ideas of the added aims of the Sol (7 were added).
revolution, insurrection
On the eve of his death, del Pilar switched from assimilation to what stance? What did he consider as the last remedy?
Hong Kong
Because Spain did not give attention to the anguished cry of the Filipino reformers, In what place did Marcelo plan to call the leaders of the reform movement to a meeting but did not go through due to his illness?
Barcelona
Marcelo was known to walk the streets of ____________ to pick up cigarette Butt's to smoke.
In the midst of his grave illness, del
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Who was the great reformist and political analyst who died on July 4, 1896?
La Politico de España en Filipina
What Spanish newspaper said the following: “Ma
José Rizal
Who did T. A. Agoncillo consider as the most cultured of the reformists?
José Rizal
Who did T.A. Agoncillo describe as the most cultured of the reformists?
José Rizal; Kalambâ, Laguna; Mercado; Alonzo
________________ (reformist) was born in __________________ (municipality & province) on June 9, 1861 to Francisco ____________ (surname) and Teodora _________ (surname).
Sa Aking Kabata
What was the title of the Tagalog poem which Rizal allegedly wrote at the age of eight?
love of one’s own language
What did the poem “Sa Aking Kabata” teach?
Binyang
In what municipality did José Rizal secure his preliminary education under a private tutor?
Ateneo Municipal
After his preliminary education, Rizal was sent to Manila to continue his studies. He enrolled at what school operated by the Jesuits, where he learned not only poetry, mathematics, and rhetoric but also painting and sculpture?
Imprisonment of Teodora Alonzo (Rizal’s mother) who was a victim of gross injustice
What sad event is said to have deeply affected Rizal, who determined to work for the welfare of his country?
First prize
At age eighteen, José Rizal won what prize (rank) in a literary contest in which the supposedly superior Spaniards participated?
A la Juventud Filipina
At age eighteen, José Rizal won first prize in a literary contest participated by Spanish writers for what title of his work?
El Consejo de los Dioses
In a certain contest, José Rizal was adjudged the best entry for his allegorical play but was not awarded first prize simply because he was a Filipino. What is the title of his play?
Note 
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