A&P Ch. 4 Hormones

Growth hormone

Stimulates growth

Prolactin

Sustains milk production after birth

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Controls secretion from the thyroid gland

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Promotes secretion of sex hormone, trigger ovulation in females

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Promotes secretion of certain hormones from the adrenal cortex

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Stimulates follicle development in the ovaries (females) and stimulates sperm production (males)

Oxytocin

Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and breastfeeding, causes milk ejection

• released by pituitary gland

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Inhibits urine production by causing the kidneys to reabsorb more water

• sometimes called vasopressin

• released by pituitary gland

Melatonin

Sleep hormone

Thyroid hormone

Controls the rate of glucose metabolism

• made of two active iodine containing hormones

  • thyroxine (T4)

  • triiodothyronine (T3)

Calcitonin

Decreases blood calcium ion level

• Works against PTH

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone matrix and release calcium ions into blood

Thymosin

Involved in immunity (immune system)

• important for development of T lymphocytes

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

• increases heart rate

• increases blood pressure

• dilate bronchioles

• increase metabolic rate

• decrease digestive and kidney activity

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

• increases heart rate

• increases blood pressure

• dilate bronchioles

• increase metabolic rate

• decrease digestive and kidney activity

Insulin

Stimulates glucose uptake by cells

Glucagon

Stimulates glycogen breakdown by cells

• Glycogen is a polysaccharide that gets broken down into glucose molecules

Estrogen

Responsible for development of sex characteristics in women

• Breast development

• Periods

Protesterone

Promotes breast development and periods

• helpds prepare breast tissue for lactation

Testosterone

Promotes growth and maturation of the male reproductive organs