Peds: Reading Quiz 18, 21

At what age do infants creep and move from sitting to quadruped and back?

At around 8 months, infants typically begin to creep on hands and knees and can move from sitting to quadruped and back as part of their motor development.

At what age do infants start to stand and cruise along furniture?

The correct answer is: 9 months ✅

At around 9 months, infants typically begin to pull to stand and cruise along furniture (walking while holding on for support).

Mary is an 18-month-old child with spastic quadriplegia. The therapist is considering a powered wheelchair. Which statement best reflects current evidence on this?

The correct answer is: Children as young as 17 months may functionally use a powered wheelchair. ✅

Current evidence supports early mobility, including powered wheelchair use for young children with severe motor impairments like spastic quadriplegia. Early access can enhance cognitive, social, and motor development, rather than delay it.

Which statement best reflects the occupational therapist’s approach to evaluating mobility?

Evaluate the child’s needs or wants, the context in which the child typically engages in occupations, and the limitations of the child’s experiences. ✅

This reflects the occupational therapy approach, which is client-centered and occupation-based. OTs consider what is meaningful to the child, the environment/context, and how limitations affect participation, rather than focusing solely on physical or cognitive deficits.

Which wheelchair feature might an occupational therapist desire to encourage a more work-ready position?

Tilt-in-space ✅

Tilt-in-space can help with positioning and posture by shifting weight without changing hip or knee angles, which can support trunk control and attention, promoting a more work-ready (upright and alert) position. It also helps with pressure relief and can assist with endurance during seated activities.

Complete the following sentence. All challenging behavior

serves a purpose. ✅

All challenging behavior serves a purpose, such as communicating needs, avoiding tasks, seeking attention, or coping with sensory input. Understanding the function behind the behavior is key to effective intervention, especially in occupational therapy and behavior management.

Which of the following has been established by research to be motivators for challenging behavior?

Both A and C ✅

Research shows that common motivators for challenging behavior include:

• A. Avoid something (e.g., escaping a task or situation)

• C. Obtain something (e.g., attention, a toy, or a sensory experience)

Positive behavior during transitions can be supported through

use of physical objects that represent the next activity. ✅

Using visual or physical supports (like object cues, picture schedules, or transition objects) helps children—especially those with developmental delays—understand and prepare for what's coming next, which supports positive behavior during transitions.

Antecedent strategies to reducing challenging behavior include which of the following:

Antecedent strategies are proactive approaches used before a behavior occurs to prevent challenging behavior. Visual schedules help set clear expectations and provide structure, reducing anxiety and confusion that can lead to problem behaviors.

• Token economies and reinforcement are consequence strategies (used after a behavior).

• If-then contingencies can be used both ways, but they’re more instructional than purely antecedent.

Which of the following is NOT an environmental modification strategy that supports positive behaviors for all students?

The correct answer is: Providing a variety of loud stimulating activities ❌

This is NOT an environmental modification strategy that supports positive behaviors for all students. In fact, excessive noise and stimulation can lead to sensory overload and increase challenging behaviors, especially for students with sensory processing differences.

The other options — activity zones, predictable schedules, and quiet spaces — are all effective strategies that promote regulation and positive behavior. ✅