psych midterm frqs

psych midterm frqs

bobo doll experiment

experimental group: groups of ____ that were exposed to the ____ + _____ model

control group: group of children that were NOT exposed to either the aggressive or nonaggressive models

(y) indep var: ________ presence; whether or not the adult was ____ or aggressive

(x) dependent var: level of _____ displayed by the child to the doll

Confounding: children may act how their _____ want them to; ______ tendencies of each child

• groups of children that were exposed to the aggressive and non-agressive model

• Indep var: model presence ; whether or not the adult was hostile or aggressive

• Dep var: level of aggression by child

• Children may act how their parents want them to; different aggressive tendencies

Pain in the brain

The brain is influenced ____ psychological factors and creates a fake ____ of pain. Like in the placebo effect, an individual receives a fake pill or treatment and the brain believes it is become cured. The sense of pain is ___ in the brain, often ____ the need for _____ ______, and leads to the release of your own _____. This also helps lead to a ____ in the central nervous system’s response to pain.

influenced by external psychological factors; creates a fake sense/perception of pain

The sense of pain is present in the brain, often without the need for physical stimuli, and leads to the release of your own endorphins

Also helps lead to decrease in the central nervous system’s response to pain

ESP studies

• For:

  • studies are _____ and thoroughly tested and conducted, which helps add ____ to his findings

  • studies report a ____ ______ figure of 53.1%, demonstrating that even though close to 50, more than half could predict future events

• Against:

  • the percentage of people (53.1%) that guessed is similar to ____ results, meaning people could claim to have ____ the future events, proving _____ ____.

  • The placebo effect also plays a role in this experiment because people saw scenes and their brain convinced them that they had witnessed them before, when in reality, they did not.

For: Studies are replicable; adds credibility

Studies report a statistically significant figure

Against: similar to 50/50 results; people could claim to have known the future events, proving hindsight bias

Both descriptive and experimental research play an important role in psychology and psychological research.

1. Descriptive research reflects the overall ____ of data and _____ of what is occurring in a certain population (behaviors); can be observed through observational studies or case studies

   1. Example: an observational study to study how children behave in a playground setting, noticing their behaviors and interactions. There are no alterations to control the children’s behaviors.

2. Experimental research allows psychologists to test different _____ and determine if there are any casual relationships. This research is usually completed through controlled experiments, with manipulation over variables.

   1. Psychologists could manipulate the amount of sleep participants get (indep var) and measure their performance on a cognitive task (dep var) to test the hypothesis of sleep deprivation negatively affecting cognitive performance.

Descriptive reflects the overall baseline of data and understandings of behaviors

Experimental: test different hypotheses and determine if there any casual relationships