UNIT 8 REVIEW

Big Three

The leaders of Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union.

Tehran Conference

A meeting of the Allied leaders in 1943 to plan the final strategy for the defeat of Nazi Germany and discuss post-war issues.

Yalta Conference

A 1945 meeting where Allied leaders determined the post-war reorganization of Germany and Europe.

Potsdam Conference

A second meeting of Allied leaders in July-August 1945 to discuss post-war Germany and Eastern Europe.

Superpowers

Nations with significant global influence, particularly militarily, politically, and economically.

Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II.

Hydrogen Bomb

A thermonuclear weapon that uses fusion to release enormous energy, far more powerful than atomic bombs.

Military-industrial complex

The relationship between a country's military and defense industry that influences public policy.

Self-determination

The right of peoples to determine their own political status without external interference.

United Nations

An organization founded in 1945 to promote international cooperation, peace, and security.

Iron Curtain

The division between Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe and the West during the Cold War.

Satellite Countries

Countries aligned with and influenced by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

World Revolution

A Marxist theory advocating for global uprisings against capitalist systems.

Containment

A Cold War policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism.

Marshall Plan

An American initiative to provide economic aid to Western European nations after World War II.

Space Race

The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for achievements in space exploration.

Berlin Airlift

Operation to supply West Berlin with essentials when the Soviet Union blocked ground access.

Berlin Wall

A barrier erected in 1961 dividing East and West Berlin, symbolizing the Cold War divide.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

A military alliance formed in 1949 among Western nations for collective security.

Warsaw Pact

A military treaty established in 1955 among Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies.

Proxy wars

Conflicts where opposing countries support combatants in a conflict rather than engaging directly.

Domino Theory

The belief that the spread of communism in one nation would trigger similar effects in neighboring countries.

Anti-Nuclear Weapons Movement

A social movement opposing nuclear weapons development and advocating for disarmament.

Zionist Movement

A nationalist movement aimed at establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Six-Day War

A conflict in June 1967 resulting in significant territorial gains for Israel.

Yom Kippur War

A surprise attack by Egypt and Syria on Israel on October 6, 1973, leading to military confrontation.

Camp David Accords

Agreements in 1978 between Egypt and Israel leading to a peace treaty.

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

An organization created to represent the Palestinian people and advocate for their rights.

Khmer Rouge

A radical communist group in Cambodia known for its genocidal regime from 1975 to 1979.

Metropole

The colonial power or country controlling a colony.

Prague Spring

A period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during 1968, ultimately suppressed by the Soviet Union.

Brezhnev Doctrine

A policy asserting the Soviet Union's right to intervene in other socialist countries.

Kent State University

Site of the incident where national guardsmen killed four students during a Vietnam War protest.

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

A paramilitary organization advocating for an end to British rule in Northern Ireland.

Nelson Mandela

South African anti-apartheid leader and first black president from 1994 to 1999.

Ronald Reagan

40th President of the United States, known for his conservative policies and role in ending the Cold War.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Last leader of the Soviet Union known for his reform policies, glasnost, and perestroika.