Lecture quiz 1-GA II Study Guide

Bones of the Skull

Neurocranium and Viscerocranium

Neurocranium (8 Bones) All 1 bone unless otherwise indicated

Frontal, Parietal (2), Occipital, Temporal (2), Sphenoid, and Ethmoid

Viscerocranium (14 Bones) All 2 bones unless otherwise indicated

nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, mandible (1), lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vomer (1)

Bones seen in the anterior view of the skull

frontal, nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, sphenoid, lacrimal, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, and mandible (temporal bone is also partially seen, mainly the squamous portion)

Sutures in the anterior view

generally named after the articulating bones

ex: where the frontal bone meets the nasal bone would be called the frontonasal suture, same for the nasal and maxilla bones, it would be called nasomaxillary suture

Landmarks in the anterior view

frontal eminences, parietal eminences, superciliary arches, glabella, nasion, and anterior nasal spine

Foramina in the anterior view

supraorbital notch/foramina, infraorbital foramen, ant. nasal apertures (openings), zygomaticofacial foramen, mental foramen, optic foramen,

Supraorbital notch/foramen

belongs to frontal bone

infraorbital foramen

belongs to maxilla

mental foramen

belongs to mandible

zygomaticofacial foramen

belongs to zygomatic bone

frontal eminences

belong to frontal bone also primary ossification centers

superciliary arches

belong to frontal bone

glabella

A single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches

nasion

Midpoint between the eyes just below the eyebrows

Bones seen in lateral view of the skull

frontal, nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, mandible, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and occipital

sutures seen in lateral view

coronal, lambdoidal, occipitomastoid; the rest follow the previous rule of being named after their articulating bones

landmarks in lateral view

anterior nasal spine, frontal eminences, parietal eminences, pterion and asterion, superior and inferior temporal lines, zygomatic arches, infratemporal crest, vertex

foramina/fissures seen in lateral view

zygomaticofacial foramina, zygomaticotemporal foramina, pterygomaxillary fissure, inferior orbital fissure, external auditory meatus

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

lambdoidal

between occipital and parietal bones

occipitomastoid

between occipital and temporal bones

parietal eminences

belong to the parietal bone

pterion

clinically important, it is the junction of the parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones of the skull

asterion

junction of the occipital, parietal, and temporal bones

superior and inferior temporal lines

mainly reside in the parietal bone but do pass through the temporal and frontal bones

zygomatic arches

bones that form the structure of the cheeks, made up of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

bregma

junction of coronal and sagittal sutures

pterygomaxillary fissure

fissure between the sphenoid and maxilla bone, seen laterally when the mandible and zygomatic arches are removed

inferior orbital fissure

fissure between the sphenoid, maxilla, and zygomatic bone,seen laterally when the mandible and zygomatic arches are removed

external auditory meatus

opening belong to the temporal bone

bones seen in the posterior view of the skull

parietal, occipital, and mastoid process of the temporal bone

sutures seen in the posterior view

sagittal, lambdoidal, occipitomastoid

landmarks seen in the posterior view

lambda, parietal eminences, nuchal lines, and the EOP (inion)

foramina seen in posterior view

parietal

sagittal suture

between the two parietal bones

nuchal lines

superior and inferior, belong to the occipital bone

EOP (inion)

protuberance on the superior nuchal line

lambda

junction between the parietal and occipital bones

parietal emissary foramina

on either parietal bones just superior to the lambda and inferior to the vertex, allows for passage of emissary veins

bones seen in the superior view of the skull

frontal, parietal, occipital

sutures

coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal

landmarks

bregma and lambda, frontal and parietal eminences

foramina/fissures

parietal foramina

bones in the anterior part of the inferior or basal view of the skull

maxilla, palatine, and zygomatic

sutures seen in this view

cruciform which is a combination of intermaxillary, palatomaxillary, and interpalatine sutures

landmarks seen in this view

incisive fossa, alveolar arch, posterior nasal spine, maxillary tuberosity

foramina seen in this view

incisive foramina and the greater and lesser palatine foramina

pallet

ant. 2/3 supported by the maxilla bone while post. 1/3 supported by the palatine bone

incisive fossa

belongs to the maxilla bone

alveolar arch

part of the mandible that houses the teeth

posterior nasal spine

belongs to the palatine bone

maxillary tuberosity

belongs to the maxilla bone

incisive foramina

located in the incisive fossa which lies on the maxilla bone

bones of the middle part of the inferior/basal view of the skull

vomer, palatine, sphenoid, temporal, occipital

sutures of this view

named after articulating bone

landmarks of this view

pterygoid hamulus, pharyngeal tubercle, spine of the sphenoid, styloid process, articular (mandibular) fossa

foramina of this view

posterior nasal apertures, foramen lacerum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, carotid foramen, EAM

pterygoid hamulus

belongs to the sphenoid bone

pharyngeal tubercle

belongs to the occipital bone

styloid process

belongs to the temporal bone

articular (mandible) fossa

belongs to the temporal bone

posterior nasal apertures (choanae)

made up by the sphenoid, palatine, and vomer bones

foramen lacerum

made up by the occipital, temporal, and sphenoid bones

foramen ovale

belongs to the sphenoid bone

foramen spinosum

belongs to the sphenoid bone

carotid foramen (external opening)

external opening seen on the temporal bone in this view

EAM (external acoustic meatus)

belongs to temporal bone

bones of the posterior part of the inferior/basal view

temporal and occipital

sutures of this view

occipitomastoid

landmarks of this view

occipital condyles, condylar fossa, jugular process, superior and inferior nuchal lines, external occipital crest, EOP, mastoid process, digastric or mastoid notch

foramina of this view

foramina magnum, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, condylar foramen, stylomastoid foramen, mastoid foramina

boundaries of the anterior cranial fossa/internal surface of cranial base

anterior & lateral: squamous portion of frontal bone

posterior: lesser wing of sphenoid, anterior margin of chiasmatic sulcus

floor of this view

orbital plate (of frontal bone), cribriform plate (of ethmoid), body and lesser wings of sphenoid

landmarks of this view

frontal crest, crista galli, grooves for meningeal vessels

foramina for this view

foramen cecum, cribriform plate foramina, anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

orbital plate

belongs to the frontal bone

cribriform plate

belongs to the ethmoid bone

crista galli

belongs to the ethmoid bone

foramen cecum

belongs to the frontal bone

cribriform plate foramina

belong to ethmoid bone

boundaries of middle cranial fossa

anterior: lesser wing of sphenoid, anterior margin of chiasmatic sulcus

lateral: greater wing of sphenoid, temporal, and parietal bones

posterior: crest of petrous portion of temporal bone and greater wing and body of sphenoid

floor of this view

squamous and petrous portions of temporal bone; greater wing and body of sphenoid

landmarks of this view

anterior, middle, and posterior clinoid processes; chiasmatic sulcus; hypophyseal fossa, carotid sulcus, and grooves for meningeal vessels

foramina/fissures for this area

carotid foramen, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, superior orbital fissure, optic canal

ant., middle, and post. clinoid processes

belong to the sphenoid bone

chiasmatic sulcus

belongs to the sphenoid bone

hypophyseal fossa

belongs to the sphenoid bone

carotid sulcus/groove

belongs to the sphenoid bone

carotid foramen

the internal opening for this foramen is known as foramen lacerum

foramen rotundum

belongs to the sphenoid bone

superior orbital fissure

belongs to the sphenoid bone

optic canal

belongs to the sphenoid bone

boundaries of the posterior cranial fossa

ant.: dorsum sellae and crest of the petrous portion of the temporal bone

lat.: parietal bones

post.: occipital bone

floor of this view

occipital: basilar, lateral, and squamous portions

temporal: petrous and mastoid portions

sphenoid: body (dorsum sellae)

landmarks of this view

grooves for the superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid and transverse sinuses; internal occipital crest; IOP

foramina/fissures for this view

foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal, jugular foramen, internal acoustic meatus

grooves for the superior petrosal sinus

belongs to the temporal bone

inferior petrosal sinus

belongs to temporal bone

groove for sigmoid sinuses

belongs to temporal bone