Sport Psychology Exam 2

The Stress Process (4 steps)

1. Environmental demand

2. Individual’s perception of environmental demand

3. Stress response

4. Behavioral consequences

There are _____ and _____ sources of stress, which also interact and raise arousal. Too much stress results in over-arousal, or _____.

situational; personal; anxiety

Whether anxiety is facilitative or debilitative depends on an individual’s _____.

control

Physiological measures of anxiety and arousal

• heart rate

• brain activity

• hormones (e.g., cortisol)

• respiration

• skin conductance

• biochemistry

neurotransmitter theory

serotonin good for you

Psychological measures of anxiety and arousal

• State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

• Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)

• Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM)

• Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)

• Structured Clinical Review for DSM-V (SCID)

• MINI International Neuropsychiatric Review (MINI)

cons to SCID

costly, time consuming, certification required, determines severity

advantages to Physiological Measures

• difficult to “cheat”

• better treatment/prevention options

  • potential to aid in diagnosis

advantages to Psychological Measures

• easier to implement

• validated in a number of population

• state or trait specific

disadvantages to Physiological Measures

• complexity/cost

• they do not correlate highly with each other

• athlete A responds differently than athlete B

disadvantages to Psychological Measures

• social desirability effects (over/under report)

• sample size

• subject variability

coherence is a mix of _____ and _____

self-report; physiological responses

what fruits did the monkeys work for

cucumber and grape