Ch 8 - Marriage & Cohabitation

cohabited, gender, remarriages

Diversity, Inequality, & Social Change

Diversity

• More than 2/3 of ppl who marry have blank first, and many have children outside marriage

• Marriage & cohabitation between ppl of same blank increasingly common

• Many Am. marriages are blank

education level, married couples, single adults, same-sex

Diversity, Inequality, & Social Change

Inequality

• Couples increasingly pair up according to blank and earning potential

• Blank are less likely to be poor than blank

• Recognition of blank marriages remains contentious issue

individualism, individuals, diverse

Diversity, Inequality, & Social Change

Social Change

• Growth of blank weakened marriage

• Law increasingly treats people as blank rather than fams as legal entities themselves

• Modern identities have grown more blank => increases complexity of fam structures & r-ships

older ages, never marry

Who Gets Married

Marriage rates have fallen dramatically since 1960s due to…

• Most people marrying at blank

• Increasing # of people who blank

racial ethnic

Who Gets Married

Falling marriage rates have been most dramatic along what groups?

education, income

Who Gets Married

Marriage is increasingly concentrated among those with higher what? (2)

later in life, less continuously

Who Gets Married

The Decline of Marriage

Married life now occupies a smaller portion of the adult lives of Americans because…

• Years of marriage occur blank

• Marriage occurs blank

yes and no

Who Gets Married

The Decline of Marriage

Culture

Is a change in young people’s attitudes and growing individualism behind the decline of marriage? Explain

economic independence

Who Gets Married

The Decline of Marriage

Economics

What kind of independence frees people from the need to marry? Explain using an example regarding lower-income families

higher incomes

Who Gets Married

The Decline of Marriage

Economics

Who is more likely to marry? Men and women with higher incomes or lower incomes? Why?

race/ethnicity, education level, religion

Who Gets Married

The Decline of Marriage

Demography

Primary restrictions applied to partner choices include what three things?

Asian Americans, African Americans

Who Gets Married

Race/Ethnicity

Which race is the most likely to get married? The least?

economic, demographic

Who Gets Married

Race/Ethnicity

The drop in marriages among African Americans has been the fastest due to what two factors? Explain

college, grad school, less education

Who Gets Married

Education

• There is a tendency of those in blank and blank to delay marriage AND…

• Those with blank increasingly delaying 1st marriages as well - why?

income gap, higher ed

Who Gets Married

Education

Education affects several aspects of inequality because…

• It increases the blank between poor & rich fams

• Blank more likely happily married

love, companionship, commitment

Who Gets Married

Why Do People Still Get Married?

What are the 3 main reasons for marriage?

incentives, social pressure, imitation

Who Gets Married

Why Do People Still Get Married?

What are other reasons to marry?

market place

Who Marries Whom?

Some researchers think of spouse-matching process as a blank in which people offer something of value for sale while they ship for what they like (and can afford)

marriage is voluntary, competition for spouses

Who Marries Whom?

The spouse-matching marketplace idea operates on what two assumptions?

conflict, bad, that many choices

Who Marries Whom?

What are three problems with the spouse-matching marketplace idea?

• People making marriage decisions may have desires in blank

• People often make blank decisions

• People “shopping” for spouses really don’t have blank

marriage market

Who Marries Whom?

The social space in which people search for potential marriage partners

• Considers economic factors, personal preferences, and boundaries

race/ethnicity, religion, ed

Endogamy

Endogamy mostly decreased along blank and blank, but increased by blank

true

Endogamy

Race & Ethnicity

True or false? Although intermarriage along race/ethnicity did increase (to what percentage), the rate today is still low compared to the potential in society

Af. American

Endogamy

Race & Ethnicity

When other groups do marry exogamously they rarely do it with what race?

cohabitation, less ed, lower income

Living together as as a sexual or romantic couple without being married; biggest change in marriage as it rapidly became an expected stage in r-ships

• This is more common among couples with blank and blank

young adults

Cohabitation

Before Marriage

Living together before marrying is the most common form of cohabitation among who?

• Provides ground for r-ship “test run” in living together

• Strategic decision to reduce housing costs, or more convenient

marriage resistance, obstacles to marriage, compromise

Cohabitation

Instead of Marriage

What are three reasons why a couple chooses to cohab instead of marriage?

older adults, divorced

Cohabitation

After Marriage

Cohab increasingly common among blank who are mostly blank

selection effect

The Benefits of Marriage

The problem that occurs when the cause being studied already has been determined by the outcome under investigation

false

The Benefits of Marriage

True or false? On average, married people are not that much happier than those who are not married, for both men & women

income, property, ed

The Benefits of Marriage

Health & Wealth

Married people have more of what three things?

responsibility, cooperation, status

The Benefits of Marriage

Marriage benefits stem from 3 sources…

• (1) Blank - causes ppl to behave more cautiously & promote healthier behavior

• (2) Blank - Fams can save $ by sharing assets & abilities

• (3) Blank - acts as a reward for marriage

true, false

The Benefits of Marriage

Religion

True or false? Married people attend religious services more often than singles

True or false? Greater marital happiness is NOT associated when couples share religious beliefs and attend service together

poor ppl, same-sex couples

The Politics of Marriage

What are 2 political movements on the behalf of marriage?

• Encouraging marriage among blank

• Extending marriage rights to blank