Translation

Week 12: Monday, November 10th: Translation; CRISPR; Exam 2 Review

ribosomes are composed of what two structures made of proteins and rRNA molecules that come together during translation?

small subunit and large subunit

in prokaryotes, the 30s subunit and 50s subunit make up the complete _______

70s ribosome

in prokaryotes, initation factors help mRNA find the small subunit, which binds to the 5’ UTR motif _______

Shine Dalgarno (AGGAGG)

prokaryotes usually have multiple ATG on one transcript, which is described as being _______

polycistronic

in eukaryotes, 40s subunit and a 60s subunit make up the complete _______

80s ribosome

in eukaryotes, initation factors help mRNA find the small subunit, which binds to the _______, then scans the 5’ UTR motif _______

5’ mG cap, kozak sequence (ACCATGG/ACGATGG)

eukaryotes have one ATG on a transcript, which is described as being _______

monocystronic

during prokaryotic translation initiation, mRNA finds the small subunit, which then finds AUG and recruits tRNA to find _______

formethylmethionine (fMET)

during eukaryotic translation initiation, mRNA finds the small subunit, which moves down Kozak until it finds AUG, then recruits tRNA to find _______

methionine

for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, during translation initiation, _______ is formed when tRNA combines with ATG so the large subunit can combine with the small subunit

ribosome/translation complex

for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, during translation initation, initiation factors hold mRNA in place, and make sure that AUG and tRNA + Met are in the _______ on the large subunit

P site

during translation elongation, the _______, in the P site, will pass fMET (for prokaryotes) or Met (for eukaryotes) to the _______ in the A site

peptidyl tRNA, aminoacyl tRNA

for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the P site tRNA moves into the E site, where its now the _______

exit tRNA

during translation elongation, the peptidyl tRNA, in the P site, will pass fMET (for prokaryotes) or Met (for eukaryotes) to the _______, in the A site

aminoacyl tRNA

for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, during translation elongtion, the _______ shift of tRNA goes from A → P → E. the P site holds the _______ that moves back and forth from A to P until STOP

ratcheting, polypeptide chain

during prokaryotic translation termination, STOP codons enter the A site, which halts elongation so _______ can bind to UAA and UAG, _______ can bind to UAA and UGA, and _______ can stabilize them

release factor 1, release factor 2, release factor 3

during eukaryotic translation termination, STOP codons enter the A site, which halts elongation so _______ can recognize all STOP codons

only one release factor

for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, during translation termination, release factors push the polypeptide chain out of the P site via _______, then the _______ and GTPase dissociate the ribosomes

hydrolosis, ribosome recycling factor