AP Psych - Unit 2.8 - Intelligence

What is intelligence?

The ability to gather and use info in productive ways

Theory’s of intelligence

-Cattell

-Spearman

-Sternberg’s Triarchic theory

-Gardeners Multiple Intelligence

-Goleman, emotional intelligence

Cattell’s theory of intelligence

Two of them:

Fluid intelligence

Crystallized intelligence

Fluid intelligence (GF)

ability to solve abstracts problems and pick up new info and skills

-Decreases as adults age

Ex. computer skills

Crystalized intelligence (GC)

use knowledge accumulated over time

-Increases over time/with age

Ex. Vocab/ analogies tests

Factor Analysis (FA)

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test

Spearman’s Theory

Used factor analysis to discover his general intelligence (g)

-Doing well in one area of a test perdicted that you will do well in another

General intelligence (g factor)

Underlies all mental abilities

-measured by every task on an intelligence test

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

-Practical Intelligence

-Analytical intelligence

-Creative intelligence

Practical Intelligence

Ability to cope with the environment

-Street smarts

Analysical intelligence

Compare, Contrast, explain, analyze to find correct answer

Measured by most IQ tests

-Logical reasoning

Creative intelligence

Helps people see new relationships among concepts

-Use experiences and knowledge in new ways

Howard Gardener

Disagreed with Spearman’s g factor

came up with the concept of multiple intelligences 

-studied savants

Gardner’s multiple intelligences

-Linguistic

-Logical/ Mathematical

-Spatial

-Musical

-Body/ Kinesthetic

-Interpersonal

-Intrapersonal

-Naturalistic

-Existential

Linguistic intelligence

Often measured on IQ tests with reading comprehension and vocabulary tests

Logical/ Mathematical

Often measured on IQ tests with analogies, math problems and logic problems

Spatial/ Visual

Ability to form mental images of objects and think about their relationships in space

Musical

Ability to receive and create patterns of rhythms and pitches

Body/ Kinesthetic

Ability for controlled movement and coordination

Interpersonal

Ability to understand other people’s emotions, motives and actions

Naturalistic

Ability recognize and categorize plants, animals, natural objects

Existential

Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence

Goleman Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

-the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

-social intelligence

-Gardner’s interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence

Brains vs intelligence

-Higher performing brains use less glucose than lower performing brains

-Neurological speed is also a bit quicker

Intelligent Quotient (IQ)

A persons mental age divided by a persons age

The average performance=100

Came from the Stanford Binet test- figuringout mental age

Standardized test

Defining uniform test procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Valid

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Constant validity

How much a test measures a concept or trait

Predictive validity

A test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict

Reliable

A reliable test, when retaken, gives constant scores

-Reliable test does not always = to valid

Test-retest

Retest with the same test

Split-half

agreement of odd numbered question scores and even numbered scores

Flynn Effect

The rise in intelligence test performance over time and across cultures

Achievement Tests

a test designed to assess what a person has learned

Ex. AP test

Aptitude test

A test designed to predict a persons future performance

Ex. SAT

Fixed mindset

the view that intelligence, abilities, talents are unchangeable, even with effort

Growth mindset

a focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed