Joints/articulations

What is a joint

AKA Articulation, Where two bones, bone to cartilage and teeth in bony sockets meet.

What are ligaments

Connect bone to bone, holds joints together prevent joints from moving too far.

what are soft tissues

Muscle and tendons that cross joints, control movement, and provide stability. They limit how far joints can move by tightening or stretching.

Bony Architecture

Shape of bone and their projections, limit joint movement directing motion and acting as physical stops.

Structural type of tissues

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Functional types

Synarthrodial, Amphiarthrodial, and Diarthrodial.

What are fibrous joints?

Structural. Bones joined by connective tissue that are generally immovable

Examples of fibrous joints

Sutures, skull

Gomphosis, teeth and sockets

Syndesmosis, bones joined by ligaments

What are Cartilaginous Joints

Structurally. bones joined by cartilage that are slightly movable

Examples of cartilaginous joints

Synchondrosis, hyaline cartilage (between pubic bones)

Symphysis, fibrocartilageIntervertebral disks (between vertebrae)

What are Synovial joints

Structural. Joints that are freely movable, and have a joint cavity

What are some examples of synovial joints?

Shoulder, hip, knee, elbow, wrist, ankle.

What are synarthrodial joints?

Functional. Joints that have little to no movement and provides stability and protection

What are amphiarthrodial Joints

Functional. Joints that are slightly movable and help balance stability and flexibility.

Synarthrodial examples?

skull sutures and gomphosis of teeth

Amphiarthordial examples?

Symphysis pubis and intervertebral discs

What are diarthodial joints

Functional. Joints that are freely movable AKA synovial joints. Contains a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

What is a joint capsule?

A tough covering that surrounds the joint and hold it together to stabilize it

What is synovial membrane?

Lines, the joint capsule and produces a synovial fluid.

What is synovial fluid?

A slippery liquid inside a joint cavity that lubricates the joint in nourishes cartilage.

What is a joint cavity?

The space inside of synovial joint that contains synovial fluid.

What is articular cartilage?

Smooth hyaline cartilage that covers the end of bones in synovial joints

What does articular cartilage do?

Absorb shock, protects bones and allows smooth movement by reducing friction

What type of joint is usually synarthrodial?

Fibrous joints, being immovable

What types of joints are usually amphiarthrodial

Cartilaginous joints, mean slightly movable

What type of joint is always Diathrodial

Synovial joints, meaning freely, movable

what is the exception to fibrous joints being immovable?

Syndesmosis joints are fibrous, but can be amphiarthrodial, allowing slight movement.

Symphysis Joint

Type of Amphiarthrodial joint. Special joint, fibrocartilage connection that are slightly movable and good for shock absorption

Examples of Symphysis Joints

Symphysis pubis (between pubic bones)

Intervertebral disks (between vertebrae)

Synchondrosis Joints

Type of Amphiarthrodial joint. Hyaline cartilage connection that are often temporary and related to growth

Examples of Synchondrosis Joints

Costochondral joints (ribs with sternum)

Epiphyseal plates in growing bones

First sternocostal joint

Syndesmosis joint

Type of Amphiarthrodial joint. Special joints that are joined by ligament or interosseous membrane that are slightly movable

Examples of Syndesmosis Joints

Coracoclavicular joint (where clavicle and shoulder bones join)

Inferior tibiofibular joint (where tibia and fibula bones join)

What is one degree in movement

Movement in one plane.

What are two degrees of movement

movement in two planes

What are three degrees of movement

movement in three planes

what is a hinge joint?

allows movement in one plane

What movements occur at a hinge joint

flexion, and extension only in sagittal plane

what are examples of hinge joints?

elbow, knee, and ankle

what is a pivot joint?

allows rotation around a single axis

what movements occur at a pivot joint

Rotation only in the transverse plane

what are some examples of pivot joints?

Proximal radioulnar joint, C1-C2 joint

what is a ball and socket joint?

a rounded bone fits into a cup shaped socket, allowing movement in all planes

why are ball and socket joints the most mobile

3° or movement, They allow flexion extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation

what are examples of ball and socket joints?

shoulder, and hip

what is a gliding joint?

a joint with flat bone surfaces that slide past each other

what type of movements occur at gliding joints

3° of movement, small sliding movements and multiple directions

what are examples of gliding joints?

Carpal bones of the wrist and tarsal bones of the foot

What is a condyloid joint

When an oval shaped bone fits into an oval shaped cavity

What movements occur at a condyloid joint

movements in two planes, flexion/extension and abduction/adduction with no rotation

What are examples of condyloid joints

Wrist joints and knuckles

what is a saddle joint?

Where each bone surface is concave in One Direction and convex in the other

What special movements occur at saddle joints

3° of movement, Opposition, the ability to move thumb to touch the fingers

what is an example of a saddle joint?

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb

What factors influence joints stability

Articular surface shapes, ligaments, and most importantly, muscle tones

What does more mobility mean?

Less stability and vice versa

What allows for smooth movement

hyaline and articular cartilage

What are processes

Form from joints or serve as a point of attachment for muscles, tendons, or ligaments they grow out from bone

What are cavities?

Depressions, openings, and grooves that contain tendons, vessels, nerves, and spaces for other structures, there are intentions in the bone

Synovial joints are always classified as what?

Diarthrodial