Systemic Microbiology & Immunology Kahoot Midterm Questions

Which immune cell is predominant in chronic inflammation during innate immunity?

macrophages

The following are generated from common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) cells except:

A. T cells
B. B cells
C. Neutrophils
D. NK Cells

Neutrophils

The following are generated from common myeloid progenitor (CMP) cells except:

A. Basophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Mast cells
D. Plasma cells

Plasma cells

The following cells are granulocytes except

A. Neutrophils
B. Basophils
C. Eosinophils
D. Mast cells

Mast cells

______ is the most abundant granulocyte.

Neutrophils

What innate immune cell plays a major role in the resolution of acute inflammation?

M2 macrophages

__________ is the most abundant cell of the immune system

Neutrophils

The following are functions of eosinophils except:

A. Destroy IgE coated pathogens that are too large to be phagocytized
B. It provides type 2 innate immunity defense against helminths
C. It provides type 3 innate immune defense against helminths
D. It plays a role in allergic responses

It provides type 3 innate immune defense against helminths

The following are functions of basophils except:

A. It provides type 2 innate immunity against helminths
B. It can secrete histamine
C. It provides type 1 innate immunity against intracellular pathogens
D. It plays a role in the allergic immune response

It provides type 1 innate immunity against intracellular pathogens

The following mediators are produced by an activated mast cells except

A. antibodies
B. cytokines
C. lipid mediators
D. histamine

antibodies

The following are true about a mature dendritic cell except

A. Mature DCs can present antigen to naive T cell
B. Express MHC and B7
C. Up-regulates expression of TLR/PRR
D. It offloads antigen into the cortex and paracortex area of the lymph node

Up-regulates expression of TLR/PRR

___________________ present antigens to B cells in the germinal center

Follicular DC

The following immune cells interact with NK cells in antiviral innate immunity except

A. Macrophages
B. Plasmacytoid DC
C. Conventional DC
D. Th2 cells

Th2 cells

The following are true about NK cells except:

A. Provide noncytolytic function (IFN gamma inhibit viral replication)
B. Provide innate immune cytolytic function via perforin and granzyme
C. Secrete TNF-alpha that promotes survival of infected cells
D. Secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha that promote maturation of DCs

Secrete TNF-alpha that promotes survival of infected cells

The following statements are true about theses cytokines except
A. IL-10 promotes antiviral adaptive immune activity
B. IL-1 and TNF-alpha promote inflammation
C. IL-12 and IL-15 activate NK cells
D. IL-6 raises temperature of infected tissue to inhibit microbe replication

IL-10 promotes antiviral adaptive immune activity

The following cytokines can regulate the immune response (immunosuppressive cytokines) except:

A. IL-35
B. IL-10
C. TGF-beta
D. IL-1

IL-1

_________ is the adhesion molecule that mediates transmigration (diapedesis) of immune cells into the site of infection.

ICAM-1

Which event in acute inflammation causes edema, heat, and redness?

Vascular event

The following sites are where mature lymphocytes become stimulated by antigens derived from pathogens except

A. Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
B. Spleen
C. Thymus
D. Lymph node

thymus

What is the predominant APC in the cortex of the lymph node?

B cell

____________ lymphatic vessel brings in DC, debris, and live pathogens into the lymph node.

Afferent

Where does intense proliferation of B cells occur?

secondary lymphoid follicle with germinal center

_____________ is a filter for bloodborne pathogens, and removes damaged and senescent RBC.

Spleen

Blood borne microbes, soluble antigens, and immune complexes are filtered from blood by macrophages within the ___________________.

marginal zone of the spleen

The following immune cells are present in the epidermis of the cutaneous immune system except

A. Langerhans cells
B. intraepidermal cells
C. dermal T cells

dermal T cells

Complement proteins are produced mostly in the ____________.

liver

Which complement system is the first to be activated?

alternative

The following can induce an immune response except:

A. autoantigen
B. allergen
C. tolerogen

tolerogen

T/F: Antigenicity is the ability of an antigen to be recognized by an antibody.

True

The following are endogenous antigens except:

A. autoantigens
B. neoantigens
C. antigens from extracellular bacteria
D. antigens from intracellular bacteria

antigens from extracellular bacteria

_____________ is the region of the antigen that is in contact with the antibody.

Epitope

The following are antigen recognition molecules of the adaptive/specific immune system except:

A. BCR
B. PRR
C. TCR
D. MHC

PRR

T/R: BCR consists of two light chains and two heavy chains

True

T/R: variable region of light and heavy chain make up the Fab region of the cell receptor

True

T/R: Constant region of the heavy chain makes up the Fc portion of the BCR

True

The following domains are light chains of a T cell receptor except:

A. gamma chain
B. delta chain
C. alpha chain

delta chain

_______ is a cell surface glycoprotein recognition structure that plays a role in presenting processed antigen to T cells

MHC

CD8 coreceptor of CD8 T cell binds to _________ of MHC I.

alpha 3 domain

The following are professional antigen presenting cells (APC) except:

A. macrophage
B. neutrophil
C. dendritic cell
D. B cell

neutrophil

The following cells express receptors for anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) except:

A. endothelial cells
B. mast cells
C. neutrophils
D. B cells

B cells

Which complement regulator inhibits the formation of MAC?

CD59

Which complement regulator inhibits the activity of C3 convertase?

decay accelerating factor (DAH)

Which complement regulators inactivates C3a and C5a?

Carboxypeptidase N (CPN1)

A deficiency of _________________ is associated with AMD.

CFH

A dysfunctional _________________ pathway of complement is associated with immune complex disease.

classical

The __________________ is an effector of the innate (via CRP) and adaptive humoral immunity (IgM/IgG-dependent complement pathway).

classical complement pathway

Complement activation at the site of infection generates ________ which is covalently attached to microbial cell surfaces.

C3b

The _________ is triggered by the binding of ficolin to microbial polysaccharides.

lectin pathway of complement

____________ stabilizes the C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway.

Properdin

Cr2 is present on the following immune cells except:

A. neutrophils
B. B cells
C. FDC

neutrophils

The following are true about the function of the complement system except:

A. promote the cytolysis of microbial membrane
B. promote the induction of cell-mediated adaptive immune response
C. Promote inflammation via recruitment f immune cells
D. promote opsono-phagocytosis of microbes

promote the induction of cell-mediated adaptive immune response

The following are true about the function of the complement system except

A. promote the clearance of immune complexes in circulation
B. promote the induction of humoral immune response
C. mediate the degranulation of mast cells and basophils
D. promote inflammation via the activity of IL-10 and TGF-beta

promote inflammation via the activity of IL-10 and TGF-beta

The following are acute phase cytokines that induce hepatocytes to secrete CRP and mannose binding lectin except

A. Il-1
B. TNF-alpha
C. IL-6
D. IL-4

IL-4

___________ upregulates the expression of MHC I molecules on virus infected cells.

Type 1 Interferon (IFN)

____________ initiates and amplifies the innate immune response at the site of infection.

Macrophage

_______________ raises the temperature at the site of infection, which reduces replication of microbes.

IL-6

______________ is the second immune cell to arrive at the site of infection in response to CCL2.

Monocyte

The following molecules mediate oxygen-dependent killing during phagocytosis except

A. reactive oxygen species
B. nitric oxide
C. lysozyme

lysozyme

In the ___________, immune response is downregulated with apoptosis of many effector cells and generation of memory B and T cells.

contraction phase

_____________ and _____________- mediate intracellular (type I) immunity by eliminating intracellular pathogens.

Th1 cells and macrophages

Mucosal and barrier (type 2) immunity mediated by _____________ play a role in eliminating parasites,

Th2 cells

________ is co-expressed with IgM on cell surface of mature B cells.

IgD

_____________ is the predominant antibody present in mucosal tissues.

igA

_____________, a major antibody in circulation, has the longest half-life.

IgG

________ promote IgG antibody responses via IGN-gamma.

Th1

_____________ mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) through macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells.

IgG

During the _______________, CD4 T cells proliferate and differentiate into Th1, TH2, and Th17 cells.

activation phase

What is the function of the second checkpoint in immunoglobin gene rearrangement during B cell development?

To ensure the generation of BCR expressing IgM on immature B cells.

What enzyme mediates the process of somatic recombination?

VDJ Recombinase

What is expressed following successful heavy chain rearrangement in B cell development?

Pre-BCR

During B-cell development, heavy-chain rearrangement occurs in the __________________.

Pro-B cell stage

During T cell development, light chain gene rearrangement occurs in the ____________________.

Double positive stage

Positive selection occurs in the _________ of T cell development.

Double positive stage

Which immunoglobin is expressed following successful light chain rearrangement?

IgM

Negative selection in the medulla of the thymus occurs in the __________ of T cell development.

Single-positive Stage

_______________ and _____________ deliver the 3rd signal during T cell activation that induces differentiation of CD4 helper T cells into Th1 cells.

IL-12 and IFN-gamma

____________________ is a cytokine produced by Th1 cells that mediates the activation of M1 macrophages.

IFN-gamma

_______________ is a cytokine produced by TH2 cells that recruits and activates eosinophils.

IL-5

_________________ is a cytokine produced by Th-17 cell that increases epithelial cell division and shedding to impair bacterial colonization.

IL-22

_________________ is a cytokine produced by Th17 cells that induce epithelial cells to produce antimicrobial peptides.

IL-17

______________ mediates the second signal in T cell dependent activation of B cells.

CD40 (on B cells) interacting with CD40L (on CD4 T cells)

Which immune cell induces cell-mediated cytotoxicity in adaptive immunity?

CD8 T cell

In T cell independent activation of B cells by type 2 thymus-independent antigen, the 2nd signal is delivered through _________________.

Complement receptor 2 (CR 2)

______________ is a memory T cell that circulates in the peripheral tissues.

Effector memory T cell

_________________ are molecules that play a role in the activation signal during the process of generating effector T cells.

MHC and TCR

The following are physiochemical forces involved in the interaction between an antibody and an antigen except:

A. Van Der Waals
B. Electrostatic bonds
C. Hydrogen bonds
D. hydrophilic forces

hydrophilic forces

___________ is a high-frequency mutation in variable regions of antigen-binding regions of rearranged immunoglobin genes?

Somatic hypermutation (SMH)

In _____________, Cu region in immunoglobin genes is replaced with another heavy chain constant region to produce IgA, IgG, and IgE.

Class switch recombination (CSR)

_____ allows the same antibody specificity (variable regions) to be a/w different antibody classes (constant regions)

Class switch recombination (CSR)

Which B cell subset is predominantly located in the spleen?

Marginal zone B cells

_________ is the first secreted antibody produced during initial exposure to an antigen (primary response)

IgM

____________ is a potent opsonin of the humoral adaptive immune system.

IgG

_____________ is the most potent activator of the complement system.

IgM

_________________ is primarily found in serum.

Monomeric IgA

______________ is the predominant antibody in mucosal-epithelial tissue.

Secretory IgA.

____ mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotocicity (ADCC) through neutrophils

IgG

______________ and ________________ are involved in antibody-mediated clearance of helminths.

Eosinophils and IgE

Secondary humoral immune responses are mediated by __________ and ____________.

IgG and memory B cells

The following are true about neonatal immunity except

A. Presence of maternal IgA in breast milk
B. Placenta transfer of maternal IgG to the fetus.
C. Placental transfer of maternal IgA to the fetus

Placental transfer of maternal IgA to the fetus

Neonates the lack the ability to mount effective immune responses against pathogens due to __________________.

An under-developed immune system