Psychology Midterm

control epilepsy

Sometimes a person's corpus callosum is split, which separates the two hemispheres completely. This is done to..

parietal lobes

Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of her brain is the most likely site of the damage?

They can be helpful in providing existence proofs

Which of the following is one of the primary benefits of the case study method of conducting research?

positive

Hopefully, the amount of time a student spends studying would show a _____ correlation with the student’s grades.

science

Modern Psychology is best considered to be a 

independent

The _________ variable is what the experimenter “manipulates” or varies. 

playing basketball

Damage to the cerebellum is likely to disrupt which of the following?

dependent

The variable that an experimenter measures to determine whether or not the manipulation has had an effect is the _______ variable.

easy to administer

The major advantage of self-report measures, like surveys, is that they are

Broca’s Area

Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after he fell. When Bill’s son visited, he found his father was unable to get words out in a smooth, connected fashion. If Bill’s difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage?

Basal Ganglia

Structures buried deep inside the cortex that help to control movement are called the 

occipital lobe

John has decided to start to learn how to wrestle His first day at practice, a seasoned wrestler slams the back of his head to the mat. Joyn was shaken and reported to the trainer he \`\`saw stars" after he hit his head. As a result of seeing stars, Johns _______ was temporarily affected as a result of the slam. 

central

The ____ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

medulla

The ____ is a structure in the brain stem responsible for life-sustaining functions, such as breathing and heart rate

skewed

Which of these is a type of correlation coefficient?

central nervous system, peripheral nervous system

Two main divisions of the nervous system are the ______ and _____

occipital

After a head injury a person reports that she is unable to see, although her eyes are uninjured. A doctor would suspect an injury in the ____ lobe. 

parasympathetic nervous system 

……… Which part of his nervous system is responsible for returning Malcom to a normal system?

autonomic nervous system

When you see someone you have a crush on and your heart pounds, your hands get sweaty, and your cheeks feel hot, your __________ is/are active.

frontal

… Zack is likely to have suffered damage to the ______ lobe of his cortex.

It involves observing behavior in its natural context.

Which of the following statements is true about naturalistic observation?

left cerebral hemisphere

If Darrens brain is like that of most people, then fine-tuned language skills will be handled by his______

behaviorism

B. F. Skinner is most associated with which perspective? 

zero

If there is no discernible relationship between scores on students' homework assignments and their exam scores in an introductory biology class, we would say that a __________ correlation exists.

correlation design

If you are interested in examining the relationship between the number of class days missed and one's subsequent semester grade point average, you would be best served to use an ______ to study this question. 

may not answer questions with complete honesty

One disadvantage of survey research is that people ______ and thus may skew the results of the study. 

suffered a change in personality

Phineas Gage tragically had a tamping iron propelled through his head. Both left and right sides of the prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Phineas Gage

John Watson and B.F. Skinner

Behaviorism is associated with which two leading figures?

are related to scores on the second variable

Two variables are said to be correlated when scores on one variable…

serotonin

Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?

philosophy

Psychology was once similar to which of the following disciplines?

amygdala

……Stans behaviors and recollection of this trauma is a result of the _____ in the limbic system.

hypothalamus

Eating, drinking, sexual motiviation, and body temperature control are most strongly influenced by the ________

Prepence of absence of aromatherapy

…. He randomly assigns mothers to give birth in a room either with or without aromatherapy. What is the independent variable?

analytical

Left-brained people are

sympathetic nervous system

The fight or flight response is mobilized by the 

There is a positive correlation between teen pregnancies and day care in the high schools

Authorities have noted that there is an increased number of teen pregnancies among high school that offer daycare to their students. We can draw which of the following conclusions?

experiment

A research design characterized by random assignment of participants to conditions and manipulation of an independent variable is called

the players anxiety level

…. Dance music she normally had playing in the locker room, she switches to classical music before the games. What is the dependent variable in this scenario?

naturalistic observation

She decides to have someone come in once a week to her classes to record the types of nonverbal behaviors that students engage in while listening to her lectures. This would be an example of which kind of study?

is made of fibrous muscle that holds the hemispheres together

The corpus callosum 

the parasympathetic system

Which of the following nervous systems would be most aptly summarized by the phrase rest and digest?

brainstem

The area housed inside the cortex and located at the very back of the brain is called the _____ . It contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla

\-1.0 and +1.0

A correlation coefficient will always range between

occipital lobe

Which of the following is the section of the brain located at the rear of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centers of the brain?

pyschoanalysis

Sigmund Freud was a leading figure in which perspective of psychology?

forensic psychologist

A ________ works in prisons, jails, and other settings to assess inmates and assist in rehabilitation.

pyschology

 the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior

father of psychology

Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory and the field

pseudoscience

statement that superficially appears to be scientific but is not

philosophy

Psychology is similar to what discipline?

biological psychologist

examines the physiological bases of behavior in animals and humans

structuralism

school of psychology founded by Wilhelm Wundt that states the structure of the mind is the result of genetically determined biological forces

functionalism

William James founded the theory, and it was drastically impacted by the work of evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin

behaviorism

rewards and punishments; observable behaviors; founded by BF Skinner and John B. Watson

personality

a person’s typical way of thinking, feeling, and behaving

non-shared environment

experiences that make individuals within the same family less alike. If a parent treats one child more affectionately than another and as a consequence this child ends up with higher self-esteem than the other child, the parenting in this case is a non shared environmental factor

shared environment

experiences that make individuals within the same family more alike. If parents try to make all of their children more outgoing by reinforcing them with attention and succeed in doing so their parenting in this case is a shared environmental factor

psychic determinism

the assumption that all psychological events have a cause

id

completely submerged under the water of the iceberg analogy and is the first part of the mind that is developed at birth to 2 years of age. Immediate gratification pleasure principle

ego

decision maker; the reality principle

superego

conscience; our morals and values

oral stage

stage where infants get pleasure orally through eating, chewing, sucking, and biting

anal stage

stage where toddler get pleasure from your anus. Focus on potty training. The first time a kid learns control.

phallic stage

Oedipus complex- boys want their mom but fear their dad; causes “Castration Anxiety”

phallic stage

Electra Complex- girls want their dad but are mad at mom; because of “Penis Envy”

latency stage

stage where there are no sexual interests. Only have the same sex friends

genital stage

stage where sexual interests reappear

defense mechanisms

process used to get rid of ego anxiety

repression

to forget memories or bury them below the surface like amnesia

regression

to psychologically return to a younger and safer age

surveys

gather information about opinions, attitudes, and interests

naturalistic observation

involves observing behaviors in real-world setting

case study

this research design involves an extremely deep and detailed information gathering from a single individual or a small number of people, often over an extended period of time (typically one person being studied)

validity

the extent to which a measure assesses what it purports, or claims, to measure

reliability

consistency of measurement

positive correlation

when one variable increases, the other variable increases

negative correlation

when one variable increases, the other variable decreases

zero correlation

when there is no relationship between 2 variables

correlation coefficient

a number that represents the strength of the relationship (the number is between -1.00, 0, 1.00) like a number line)

hypothesis

educated guess

independent variable

cause

dependent variable

effect

experimental group

group that receives the manipulation

control group

group that does not receive the manipulation

placebo effect

people report feeling better after taking medication (sugar pill) even though it hasn’t had time to be effective

85 billion

How many neurons are found in the brain?

soma

central region of the neuron that manufactures new cell components, which consist of both small and large molecules

synaptic vesicles

spherical sacs inside the axon terminals containing neurotransmitters

axon terminals

knoblike structures at the far end of the axon

synapses

the gap into which neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles

dendrites

branchlike structures that receive the information from other neurons

axons

tail like structure that spread out from the cell body and transmit information

neurotransmitters

chemical messengers

myelin sheath

an insulating layer used to speed up the neural transmission

neurogenesis

the creation of new neurons in the adult brain

glutamate

relay of sensory information and learning; main excitatory

GABA

stops the brain from becoming too excited; main inhibitory

acetylcholine

too much: spasms and too little: paralysis

serotonin

sleep cycles, learning, memory, mood, aggression, eating behaviors