Untitled Flashcards Set

Nelson Mandela

Used peaceful protest against Apartheid; first black president of South Africa.

Apartheid

Racial segregation in South Africa; white minority used this to control the black majority and maintain power.

Kwame Nkrumah

Independence leader of Ghana; known for his peaceful approach.

Jomo Kenyatta

Independence leader of Kenya.

Pan Africanism

African nationalism that aimed for a united Africa.

Mohandas Gandhi

Indian independence leader who advocated for non-violence against British colonial rule.

Civil Disobedience

Refusal to obey unjust laws through peaceful methods such as sit-ins and boycotts.

Salt March

A march to protest British taxes on Indian salt.

Pan-Arabism

a political movement and belief system that promotes the idea that all Arabs should unite to form one country or state.

Zionism

Jewish belief in the right to a homeland; associated with Jewish nationalism.

Kemal Atatürk

Tried to westernize Turkey; banned old-fashioned customs like the fez.

Iranian Revolution

Counter-revolution aimed at implementing strict Islamic rules into the Iranian legal system, leading to the loss of women's rights.

Ayatollah Khomeini

Leader during the Iranian revolution.

Shah Reza Pahlavi

Iranian leader before the revolution; known for his efforts to westernize Iran.

How did the Berlin Conference impact modern Africa? (geographic context)

• Meeting in Berlin with all the European countries to divide Africa so they could split the natural resources they had.

• Created colonies/ future countries where ethnic groups are forced to live together - led to ethnic tension and violence

What were some changes in Iran as a result of the Iranian Revolution?

woman lost rights

Who is Mahatma Gandhi and what methods of protest were used in India to achieve independence?

Mahatma Gandhi was a key leader in India's struggle for independence from British rule, known for his principles of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience.

After the end of WWII

• there was a massive push to decolonize different regions of the world

• These efforts were largely driven by nationalism and the desire to reclaim the cultures of indigenous people as newly independent nations emerged.

• Many of these efforts were inspired by peaceful protests and civil disobedience. In particular, Gandhi in India and Nelson Mandela in South Africa employed these tacts to great success.

The lack of financial resources and political stability challenged these new nations. Matters were made worse due to the Cold War

• These nations sought to remain neutral and avoid alignment with either the Western bloc led by the United States or the Eastern bloc led by the Soviet Union.

• Anger towards western involvement in the Middle East led to counter-Revolutions (Iran) and greater religious conflict (Israel and Palestine)