topic 4

Living organisms

Consist carbon based compounds

Organic molecules

Are carbon containing that exists bc of living things

Organic compounds 4 main classes

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Carbon atom

Forms 4 colavent bonds

4 covalent bonds

Make large complex molecules

Carbon atom bonds

Very stable

Hydrocarbons

Long hydro carbon chain

Formed between carbon atoms

Hydrocarbons create…

Branching and ring structures

Chemical groups can replace

One or more hydrogens bonded to carbon backbone skeleton of COH

Hydrocarbons are

Nonpolar molecules

Functional groups

Clusters of specific atoms bonded to carbon skeleton

Special structures and chemical properties

Functional groups determine

Chemical reactivity and polarity of organic molecules

Macromolecules

Organic molecules found in living things

(Forms huge molecules)

Monomer

Repeating units bonded together

Polymer

Monomers bonded together

Dehydration reaction

Chem reaction w subunits together in covalent bond

(Produces H2O molecule)

Dehydration reaction makes polymers

Used to connect the monomers

Hydrolysis reaction

Chem reaction w H2O molecule added to cleave (break) a covalent bond between 2 subunits

Covalent bond in hydrolysis reaction

Needs H2O molecule

Hydrolysis reaction - monomers

Breaks down polymers to monomers

Enzymes

Are needed for cells to carry out chem reactions

(Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reaction)

Catalyst

Speeds up reaction

Enzymes no consumed/changed