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tv terms
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Aspect Ratio
the ratio of the width of the TV screen to its height
Audio Console
The place of equipment used to gather, mix, and amplify sounds before sending them to their next destination
Back time
The process of timing a piece of audio or video so that it can be started at a precise time & end at the proper time
Black
A synchronized video signal that contains no picture info, aka black screen
Blocking
The planning of movement & positioning of talent and production equipment
Bus
The mixing bar that connects the buttons representing the various video inputs on the switcher
BUST
A term used to immediately stop production & reset to the beginning
Character CG
Special effects generator that electronically produces graphics or animation directly on the TV screen or keyed on a background picture
Chrominance
The color of a video signal
Camera control units (CCU)
Electronic control equipment that is used to regulate all the engineering functions, such as luminance & chrominance, on each camera
Color bars
An electronically generated pattern of vertical color strips that can be used to standardize & calibrate & calibrate the color values of all cameras & monitors
Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Cyan, Magenta
Contrast ratio
the relationship of the brightness area to the darkest area in a shot
Crop
To cut off the edges or border of a picture
Cue
To prep audio or video sources for a precise start time, OR to signal start, pause, or stop any production activity or talent action
Cut
An instantaneous change from 1 video source to another
Cyc or Cyclorama
A large, continuous, smooth backing, usually made of fabric that may cover 2 or 3 walls of a studio
Dissolve
A simultaneous fading out of one picture or source while fading into another picture or source.
A temporary overlapping of 2 images
Fade video
In the video, the gradual appearance of a picture source from black, or the disappearance of black using a fader bar
(Fade in, Fade out)
Fade audio
In audio, the gradual increase increase or decrease of sound volume
(Fade up music, Fade out music)
Floor Plan
A diagram of the arrangement of the set, curtains, or other background background, props, etc
Frame
To fill the picture w/ meaningful, aesthetically pleasing composition
Also, a complete scanning cycle every 1/30th of a second. it represents the smallest complete television unit.
Headroom
Space between the top of the subject’s head & the upper edge of the camera
HOT
Refers to a camera or mic that is up and live
(IFB)
Interrupted feedback system: an earpiece used to communicate with talent
Intercom
A closed-circuit audio network connecting all production with/personnel with headsets
Key
An electronic effect that cuts in an image over a background image
Luminance
The brightness of a video signal
Mixing
Combing two or more sound or video sound or video sources in the specific proportions
Preview Bus
Rows of buttons that can direct an input to the preview monitor while another video source is on air
Program Bus
The bus on the switcher whose inputs are directly switched to the line out
Script
The written guidelines containing dialog or voice-over information that the TV program uses
Strike
To dismantle & return to storage all elements of a production
Switcher
A video mixing panel that consists of a selection of buttons that allow the selection & mixing of incoming video signals to form the final program picture.
Tally Light
An indicator light on a camera shows that the camera is hot & on the air
VTO
Video Tape Operator
Holdover name from when the recording was on tape.
Zoom Lens
Variable focal length lens that can change from a wide shot to a close-up, or the reverse, in one continuous move.