urinary system

urinary system

this system is the major excretory system of the body.

Some organs in other systems also eliminate wastes, but they are not able to compensate in the case of kidney failure.

kidney

what is the The primary excretory organ of the urinary tract?

it collects wastes from the blood

are bean-shaped organs

ureters

what structure carries kidney's waste products?

urine

Wastes from the blood are collected by the kidneys and processed to form what?

1.Excretion

2. Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure

3. Regulation of blood solute concentration

4. Regulation of extracellular fluid pH

5. Regulation of red blood cell synthesis

6. Regulation of Vitamin D synthesis

what is the functions of urinary system?

• bean shaped

• weighs 5 ounces (bar of soap or size of fist)

what is the Shape and size of the kidney?

renal

what is the latin word for kidney?

renal capsule

it is a is a fibrous, transparent, membranous covering that surrounds each kidney. It is a protective layer that encloses and supports the kidney's inner structures.

hilum

this kidney structure is located in the medial side of each kidney, contains renal artery, veins, nerves, and ureter.

renal sinus

this cavity is where the hilum open’s, and contains blood vessels, renal pelvis, and fats or adipose tissue.

renal cortex

renal medulla

what are the two region major regions of the kidney?

renal cortex

it is the outer region of the kidney, just beneath the kidney's fibrous capsule. It contains structures such as renal corpuscles (glomeruli) and renal tubules (proximal and distal convoluted tubules).

renal medulla

it is the outer region of the kidney, just beneath the kidney's fibrous capsule. It contains structures such as renal corpuscles (glomeruli) and renal tubules (proximal and distal convoluted tubules).

renal pyramids

the medulla is composed of many of many cone-shaped structures called?

are collection of tubes and ducts that transport fluid throughout the kidney and modify it into urine.

renal papillae

it is the tips of the pyramid.

calyx

it is a small shaped chamber surrounding the tip of the papilla

renal pelvis

it is where the calyces join, and narrows to form the small-diameter tube called the ureter.

nephron

what is is the histological and functional unit of the kidney?

it consists of specialized structures including small tubes also known as tubules.

1.3M

how many nephrons each kidney has?

• renal corpuscle

• proximal convoluted tubule

• loop of henle

• distal convoluted tubule

what are the four regions of nephron?

• juxtamedullary

• cortical

what are the two types of nephrons in the kidney?

renal corpuscle

this region of nephron functions to filter blood.

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

this region of nephron functions to return filtered substances to the blood.

and is composed of simple cuboidal epithelium.

loop of henle

this region of nephron helps to preserve water and solutes.

and is composed of two limbs: (1) descending limbs (2) ascending limbs.

cotrical nephrons

this nephron have renal corpuscles that are distributed throughout the cortex, and their loops of henle are shorter.

juxtamedullary nephrons

this nephrons have renal corpuscles that are found deep in the cortex near the medulla, and have long loops of henle.

renal corpuscles

it is responsible for the initial filtration of blood and the formation of urine, and consists of two main components: the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

glomerulus

it is the network of capillaries in the renal corpuscles and twisted around each other like a ball of yarn.

bowman capsule

it is an indented, double-walled chamber surrounding the glomerulus within the renal corpuscles.

and contains podocytes.

• outer layer

• inner layer

bowman capsule consists of two layers called?

squamous epithelial cells

what kind of cells construct’s the outer layer of bowman capsule?

podocytes

what kind of cells construct’s the inner layer of bowman capsule?

afferent arteriole

it is a blood vessel that supplies blood to the glomerulus, which is a network of capillaries involved in the filtration of blood to form urine.

filtrate

fluid that passes across filtration membrane.

juxtaglomerular apparatus

it is an important regulatory structure in the kidney, called?

and consists a unique set of afferent arteriole cells

juxtaglomerular cells

this specialized cells has a cuff of specialized smooth muscle cells around it.

macula densa

in the section of the distal convoluted tubule, there is a group of specialized cells, called?

filtration membrane

• in renal corpuscle

• includes glomerular capillaries, podocytes, basement membrane

distal convoluted tubule

this component of nephron is shorter than proximal convoluted tubule, and composed of simple cuboidal.

these cells are smaller and fewer microvilli.

collecting duct

• empties into calyces

• carry fluid from cortex through medulla

and is composed of simple cuboidal epithelium.

1. Renal corpuscle

2. Proximal tubule

3. Descending loop of Henle

4. Ascending loop of Henle

5. Distal tubule

6. Collecting duct

7. Papillary duct

what is the flow of the Filtrate through Nephron?

1. Renal artery

2. Interlobar artery

3. Arcuate artery

4. Interlobular artery

5. Afferent arteriole

6. Glomerulus

7. Efferent arteriole

8. Peritubular capillaries

9. Vasa recta

10. Interlobular vein

11. Arcuate vein

12. Interlobar vein

what is the Blood Flow through Kidney?

Reabsorption

it involves removing substances from the filtrate and placing back into the blood.

Secretion

it involves taking substances from the blood at a nephron area other than the renal corpuscle and putting back into the nephron tubule.

renal arteries

it is a branch off the abdominal aorta and enter the kidneys.

it extends deep into kidney, it branches into smaller blood vessels.

interlobar arteries

this blood vessel passes between the renal pyramids

arcuate arteries

this blood vessel branch from the interlobar arteries. they arch between the cortex and the medulla.

interlobular arteries

this blood vessel branch off the accurate arcuate arteries and project into the cortex.

afferent arterioles

this blood vessel arise from branches of the interlobular arteries, and carries blood to the glomerular capillaries.

efferent arterioles

this blood vessel carries blood from the glomerular capillaries.