Reproductive System 11-15

What causes the LH/FSH surge during ovulation?

High levels of estrogen.

What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?

Menstrual phase, Proliferative phase, and Secretory phase.

What happens in the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

The endometrium is enriched to prepare for embryo implantation.

What is the gestation period?

The development of the fetus in utero from fertilization to birth.

What is conception?

The time of fertilization.

What is the embryo stage?

Fertilization to week 8 of gestation.

What is the fetus stage?

Week 9 to birth.

What does FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) do?

It helps mature ovarian follicles and is produced by the pituitary gland.

What does LH (Luteinizing Hormone) do?

It stimulates ovulation and is produced by the pituitary gland.

What is a morula?

A solid ball of cells formed 3 days after fertilization.

What is a blastocyst?

A hollow structure that implants into the endometrium around day 7.

Where is the uterus at 4 months of pregnancy?

Halfway between the pubic symphysis and the umbilicus.

Where is the uterus at 9 months of pregnancy?

The fundus reaches the xiphoid process.

What are mammary glands?

Modified sweat glands that produce milk.

Do males have mammary glands?

Yes, but they are nonfunctional.

What hormone causes uterine contractions during labor?

Oxytocin.

What are the 3 stages of labor?

Dilation, Expulsion (delivery of infant), and Placental delivery.

What male contraceptive prevents sperm transport?

Vasectomy.

What female contraceptive prevents ovulation?

Birth control pills, patches, or vaginal rings.

How does an IUD like Mirena work?

It thickens cervical mucus, thins the uterine lining, and inhibits sperm movement.