Microbial Diseases Flashcards

Flashcards about Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder

E. coli

Gram-negative bacteria commonly associated with UTIs

Nosocomial infections

Infections acquired in the hospital setting

Pyelonephritis

A serious kidney infection that can result from untreated cystitis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A gram-negative diplococcus bacterium that causes gonorrhea

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Inflammation of the female reproductive organs, often caused by STIs

Gonorrheal ophthalmia

Eye infection in newborns caused by gonorrhea

Chlamydial Infection

The most common STI in North America, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

Intracellular parasite

A bacterium that lives inside of host cells

Treponema pallidum

A bacterium that causes syphilis

Chancre

A painless lesion that forms at the site of infection in primary syphilis

Gummatous syphilis

Occurs after several years of latency, results in rubbery lesions on skin, membranes and bone

Cardiovascular syphilis

Weakening of the aorta due to syphilis

Neurosyphilis

Central nervous system affected by syphilis, can cause dementia

Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2)

Human herpes virus 2, the primary cause of genital herpes

Acyclovir

An antiviral medication used to treat genital herpes

HPV

Human Papillomaviruses, cause of genital warts

Genital Warts Biggest Concern

The increased risk of cervical cancer

HIV

A retrovirus that attacks the immune system

Spikes

Enables HIV to attach to and penetrate the host cell

GP 120

glycoprotein 120 for HIV spikes

Provirus

A form of a virus that has integrated its genetic material into the DNA of a host cell.

HIV-1

Most common HIV virus worldwide

HIV-2

Found in western Africa, slower progression of disease

Reverse transcriptase

Enzyme in HIV that converts RNA to DNA

Early stage/Category A of HIV infection

Swollen lymph nodes, low viral load in blood, high levels of TH cells

Late stage/Category C of HIV infection

Decreased TH cells

Kaposi's Sarcoma

Rare Herpes virus prevalent in AIDS patients

HIV Transmission – Blood

Needle sharing, blood transfusions

HIV Transmission – Semen/Vaginal Secretions

Unprotected sex