A neuroleptanalgesic is a combination of what?
An opioid and a tranquilizer
Do most preanesthesics cross the placental barrier?
yes
Is it recommended to give atropine to an animal that has tachycardia?
no
Anticholinergic drugs such as atropine block the release of acetylcholine at the:
Muscarinic receptors of the parasympathetic system
T or F: High doses of opioids can cause bradycardia and respiratory depression.
true
Severe bradycardia caused by dexmedetomidine is best treated with
atipamezole
Opioids may be reversed with:
Naloxone
Which one of the following drugs will precipitate out when mixed with other drugs or solutions?
diazepam
Etomidate is particularly well suited for induction of dogs with which of the following conditions?
severe cardiac disease
Which of the following is an example of a dissociative anesthetic?
Ketamine hydrochloride
True or False: One of the disadvantages of the drug etomidate is that animals that are anesthetized with it may demonstrate excitement during recovery.
true
Compared with methoxyflurane, isoflurane is considered to have a:
higher vapor pressure
An anesthetic agent that has a low blood-gas partition coefficient will result in __________ induction and recovery time.
fast
Which of the following has the lowest blood-gas partition coefficient?
sevoflourine
As a rough guideline, to maintain surgical anesthesia safely, the vaporizer should be set at about:
1.5×MAC
Propofol sometimes causes transient apnea. To avoid this, the anesthetist should:
titrate this drug in several boluses
One problem frequently associated with recovery from tiletamine-zolazepam in dogs is:
excitement
The concentration of propofol entering the brain is affected by a variety of factors such as:
Perfusion of the brain lipid solubility of the drug, plasma protein levels, and the rate at which it is given
Effects that are commonly seen after administration of a dissociative include:
Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased CSF pressured, and increased intraocular pressure
Adverse effects common with isoflurane include:
depression of respiration
MAC will vary with:
Body temperature of the patient, age of the patient, concurrent use of other drugs, and anesthetic agent
Factors that may affect the speed of anesthetic induction with a volatile gaseous anesthetic include:
Partition coefficient of the agent and vaporizer setting
Which of the following are alpha2-agonists? a. Atipamezole b. Xylazine c. Acepromazine d. Dexmedetomidine
xylazine and dexmedetomidine
Effects that atropine may have on the body include:
decreased salivation, decreased gastrointestinal motility, and mydriasis
Characteristic effects of the benzodiazepines include:
muscle relaxation and minimal effect on the cardiovascular system
Idiopathic pain is defined as:
Pain that is of unknown cause
Pathologic pain is defined as:
Pain that is prolonged and exaggerated
An ovariohysterectomy, which involves surgically incis- ing the skin and abdominal wall and excising the uterus and ovaries, has what components of pain:
somatic and visceral
The process by which thermal, mechanical, or chemical noxious stimuli are converted into electrical signals called action potentials is:
transduction
In the spinal cord, pain impulses can be altered by neurons that either suppress or amplify nerve impulses. This process is known as:
modulation
Where in the pain pathway does secondary sensitization or "windup" occur?
spinal cord
Which of the following statements regarding multimodal analgesic therapy is true?
The dose of each drug is decreased when several drugs are used.
Whichofthefollowingdrugcombinationsisanexample of multimodal analgesic therapy?
Dexmedetomidine, morphine, and ketamine
Which one of the following analgesic plans targets three different pain receptor mechanisms?
Morphine IM, ketamine CRI, and lidocaine nerve block
Does treating pain improve wound healing?
yes
Administering analgesics before tissue injury is known as:
Preemptive analgesia
What is the mechanism of action of nonsteroidal antiin- flammatory drugs?
They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
Which of the following is not a potential side effect of NSAID administration?
respiratory depression
True or False: A pain scale can be used to assess pain as well as response to analgesic therapy.
true
In the healthy awake animal, the main stimulus to breathe is the result of:
Excess carbon dioxide concentration in the blood
In the healthy awake animal, exhalation lasts at least __ times as long as inhalation.
2
The normal VT in an awake animal is __ mL/kg.
10-15
In the anesthetized animal that is breathing room air, the anesthetist may expect to see:
An increase in the Paco2 and a decrease in the Pao2
When used in a line block, a local anesthetic agent will have a direct effect on the:
Peripheral nervous system
Local anesthetics block transmission of nerve impulses from:
Sensory, motor, and autonomic neurons
Local anesthetic agents work because:
They interfere with the movement of sodium ions
When a local anesthetic is injected around a single major nerve, the procedure is referred to as a(n):
Infiltration nerve block
True or False: Epinephrine may be mixed with a local anesthetic agent to prolong the effects of the drug.
true
When performing an epidural, one must be aware that the spinal cord in a cat may extend as far caudally as:
S1
The maximum subcutaneous dose of lidocaine for a dog is ___ mg/kg.
10
When performing intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block), one should use lidocaine:
without epinephrine
The term atelectasis refers to:
collapse of the alveoli
What is the most common acid-base abnormality in anesthetized patients?
respiratory acidosis
When intermittent mandatory manual ventilation is ap- plied to a patient that is connected to a circle system with a precision vaporizer, it is customary to:
decrease the vaporizer setting
Which of the following can be used to monitor anesthetic depth in a patient that has been given a neuromuscular blocking agent?
heart rate
True or false: A neuromuscular blocking agent will not only paralyze skeletal muscle, but also provide some analgesia.
false
When an animal is given a __ neuromuscular blocking drug, an initial surge of muscle activity may be seen be- fore there is paralysis of the muscles.
depolarizing
The muscle type that is most affected by neuromuscular blocking agents is:
skeletal muscle
True or False: both depolarizing and nondepolarizing drugs can be reversed.
false
Problems that may result from excessive controlled ven- tilation may include:
A decreased cardiac output, a state of respiratory alkalosis, and ruptured alveoli
Local anesthetic agents such as lidocaine or propara- caine work well when applied:
Topically on mucous membranes, topically on the cornea, and through injection
Factors that may interfere with the action of local anesthetic agents include:
fat, scar tissue, and hemorrhage
Clinical signs of systemic toxicity from a local anesthetic agent may include:
Sedation, convulsions, muscle twitching, and respiratory depression
The effects that could result from an epidural anesthetic if the drug reached the thoracic and cervical spinal cord include:
Sympathetic blockade, paralysis of intercostal muscles, and paralysis of the diaphragm