vital signs

baseline

normal for the patient, serves as a guideline or reference point

troubleshooting

figuring out what could be the problem

cardiac output

the amount of blood pump from heart in one minute (5-6L/min)

stroke volume

the amount of blood pumped from heart with each beat (about 70mL)

tachycardia

HR above 100

bradycardia

HR below 60

sphygmomanometer

equipment used to measure arterial measure (snapshot)

hypertension

SBP greater than 120, DBP greater than 80

hypotension

SBP less than 90 and DBP less than 60

orthostatic hypotension

a change in 20 mmHg or more when patient goes from supine to sitting or from sitting to standing

pulse pressure

the difference between systolic BP and diastolic BP. 35-50 mmHg

febrile

fever or pyrexia, values vary depending on method and hospital

afebrile

no fever

hemorrhage

excess amount of blood loss

hypoxic

decreased oxygen in the blood

hypothermia

low temperature of the body. core temp is less than 36 C

hyperthermia

high temperature not considered a fever or caused by infection. failed thermoregulation of the body. Higher than 38 C

apnea

patients stops breathing for a short period of time

hyperventilation

breathing too fast, RR greater than 20 (adult). aka tachypnea

hypoventilation

breathing too slow, RR, less than 12 (adult). aka bradypnea

acute pain

short- term pain, stops after healing

chronic pain

aka persistent pain, lasts more than 6 months

nociceptive

pain response due to injury to tissues

neuropathic

nerve pain, the origin is in the nervous system

inflammatory

due to an inflammatory response

cutaneous pain

pain originating from an organ or cavity

deep somatic pain

pain from ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, or nerves

phantom pain

perceived by nerves left due to amputation or paralysis