UI and UX: Jakob Nielsen’s 10 Usability Heuristics

Visibility of system status

The system should always inform users about what is happening (e.g., loading bars, notifications)

Match between system and real world

The system should speak the users' language using familiar concepts and metaphors (e.g., trash can icon for delete)

User control and freedom

Users should be able to undo and redo actions easily (e.g., back button, undo delete)

Consistency and standards

Interfaces should follow platform conventions so users don't have to guess (e.g., same icon behavior across screens)

Error prevention

Prevent errors before they happen with good design (e.g., disable submit button until form is complete)

Recognition rather than recall

Show options instead of making users remember info (e.g., auto-complete, visible menu)

Flexibility and efficiency of use

Allow experienced users to use shortcuts or faster workflows (e.g., keyboard shortcuts, power-user modes)

Aesthetic and minimalist design

Keep design simple and uncluttered — only show what's necessary (e.g., avoid visual noise)

Help users recognize

diagnose, and recover from errors,Use clear error messages and explain how to fix the problem (e.g., "Invalid email, try again")

Help and documentation

Provide accessible help even if it's not needed often (e.g., tooltips, FAQs, support links)