Consonants

Bilabial sounds

Lips (p, b, m, w)

Labiodental sounds

Lower lip + upper front teeth (f,v)

Dental sounds

Upper front teeth + tip of the tongue (θ, ð)

Alveolar sounds

Tip of the tongue + alveolar ridge (t, d, s, z, n, l)

Palato- alveolar sounds

The blade of the tongue + behind the alveolar ridge (ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ)

Palatal sounds

Similar to palato- alveolar but produce further back towards the velum (j)

Velar sounds

Back of the tongue + soft palate/ velum (k, g, ŋ)

Global sounds

Air passes through the glottis when its narrowed (h)

Plosives

p, b, t, d, k, g

Affrivacates

tʃ, dʒ

Nasals

n, m, ŋ

Lateral

L

Fricatives

f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h

Glides

w, r, j

Voiced consonants

B, d, g, v, ð, z, ʒ, l, r, j, w, dʒ, m, n, ŋ

Unvoiced consonants

P, t, k, f, θ, s, ʃ, h, tʃ