BIOL 117 Exam #3 (Stephanie Young)

epithelial tissue

forms a protective layer on the outside of the body and forms the lining of many organs

connective tissue

provides support for other tissue and can also help keep tissues together

muscle tissue

involved in movement

nervous tissue

communicates information via electrochemical signals from one part of the body to another

You bring a new pet fish home from the pet store and need to let it adjust to the new environment in the fish tank. You are allowing the fish to ______ to the new environment

acclimate

Adaptations are genotypic and long-term, while acclimations are phenotypic and short term.

True

Toucans are homeotherms. Based on this information ALONE, you could correctly predict that toucans…

keep a constant body temperature even though their environment temperature changes

If an animal can be described as both an endotherm and a homeotherm, then this animal…

can produce its own heat and keep a constant body pressure

The most direct ancestors of land plants were most likely

green algae

Which of the following characteristics are found in ALL land plants?

presence of nucleus in cells, participate in alternation of generations, cell wall made or cellulose, and spores

In plants, gametes are ____ and produced using ____

Haploid/mitosis

In plants, sporophytes produce _____ and grow from?

Spores / Gametes

Which of the following group of plants have sporophyte dominant life cycles?

gymnosperms, vascular seedless plants, and angiosperms

Which groups of land plants require water in order for sperm to fertilize the egg?

vascular and nonvascular seedless plants

Which set contains the most closely related terms?

Megasporangium, megaspore, egg, and ovule

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success?

Fruits enclosing seeds

In which plant tissue does the majority of photosynthesis occur?

ground tissue

Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system?

tracheid, vascular tissue

epidermis

gas exchange or absorption of water

phloem

transports sugar

collenchyma

provides structural support

xylem

transports water up a plant

Which of the following is derived from ground tissue system?

pith

zone of cellular division

cells of the apical meristem and primary meristem devide

zone of cellular elongation

cells increase their length, pushing the root downward

root cap

protect the apical meristem as the root lengthens and sense gravity

zone of cellular maturation

cells develop into the cells that make up the three tissue systems

Which of the following lists the portion of a mature 60 ft tree that contains the oldest tissues?

the trunk at soil level

Which statement best characterizes secondary growth in plants?

It results from cell divisions in the vascular and cork cambia.

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?

Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium

The vascular cambium of a tree produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem

True

Birds secrete uric acid as their nitrogenous waste because uric acid ____.

requires little water for nitrogenous waste disposal, this conserving water and reducing body mass

Ammonia is likely to be the primary nitrogenous waste in living conditions that include _____.

lots of freshwater flowing across the gills of a fish

Which group of animals most likely excretes the largest volume of urine relative to their body size?

freshwater fish

Which of the following statements is true regarding marine/saltwater fish?

The tend to lose water to their environment.

In our kidneys, blood is initially filtered through the

renal corpuscle

How does the osmolarity of kidney tissues change as you move from the cortex to the medulla?

It increases

this ascending limb

passive transport of salts

descending limb

passive transport of water

proximal tubule

reabsorbs electrolytes, nutrients, and water

Biologists recently have been able to produce mice that lack functioning genes for aquaporins. How does their urine compare to that od individuals with normal aquaporins?

higher volume and lower osmolarity

All animals rely on diffusion for the exchange of gasses with their various environments.

true

Consider the various structures animals have for exchanging gasses. In order to maximize the diffusion for gasses from one area to anther, you would want _______.

Large surface area, large difference in partial pressures between the two areas, and a thin barrier of diffusion

Organisms with which of the following respiratory organs use countercurrent exchange to maximize gas exchange?

Organisms with gills

Oxygen will diffuse form blood to tissues faster in response to which of the following conditions?

A decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue

Which of the following is the destination for blood traveling through the pulmonary artery?

the lungs

Order the blood flow within a 4 chambered heart

1. Oxygen deficient blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle

2. Oxygen deficient blood flows through the pulmonary artery

3. Oxygen rich blood flows into the left atrium through the pulmonary vein

4. Oxygen rich blood passes an atroventricular valve

5. Oxygen rich blood moves through the left ventricle through the aorta

Why is cooperative binding important?

It makes hemoglobin sensitive to small changes in oxygen demand, or Po2 (partial pressures of oxygen) of tissues

The fetus developing inside a mother has hemoglobin with a higher affinity for oxygen that the mother

Which curve represents the fetus?

A

A mutation within a DNA sequence occurs. This mutation changes the amino acid that will later be translated. What is the least probably outcome of this mutation?

The change in the amino acid sequence will change the function of the protein for the better (advantageous mutation).

Which of the following is an example of how the morphological species concept might be used to classify organisms?

Two fossils from two extinct jungle cats are categorized as the same species based on the similar shape of the jawbone.

Primary endosymbiosis

nearly eukaryotic cell engulfs an early prokaryotic cell that had the ability to generate its own energy through either oxygen reduction or photosynthesis

Secondary Endosymbiosis

an early eukaryotic cell engulfs another early eukaryotic cell that had the ability to generate its own energy through photosynthesis

Heterokaryotic cells in fungi are considered to be diploid

false

Which of the following classification of animals can be described as radial symmetric animals with true tissues and specialized stinging cells known as nematocysts?

Cnidaria

Which of the following classification of animals most specifically describes an animal that is a bilateral protostome, is a coelomate, and has a body plan that consists of a head, thorax, abdomen, three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings?

Insecta

Which of the following classification of animals can be described as bilateral deuterostomes with true tissues and a coelom, but that lacks cephalization?

Echinodermata

pair rule genes

cells organized in to individual segments

effector genes

triggers apoptosis

master regulator genes

establishes anterior and posterior ends of a developing organism

homeotic genes

responsible for the correct placement of appendages/structures

according to Rick’s law, diffusion will increase when the surface area available for gas exchange decreases

False

Countercurrent exchange across the surface of gills results from an oxygen concentration gradient between the blood of the animal and the surrounding waters

true

Which of the following is a characteristic of cross current exchange?

• oxygenated water and non-oxygenated blood flow in opposite directions across gill tissue in fish

• Maximizes diffusion

• Is utilized by aquatic organisms to obtain oxygen

• Allows for a continuous concentration gradient to form

Capillaries

composed of thin endothelial cells that leak fluid

arteries

blood pressure is highest in these vessels

Veins

Utilize one-way valves to move blood back toward the heart

Arteries

move blood away from the heart

At the end of a capillary found closest to an arteriole, we would expect which of the following to be true of osmotic pressure in relation to one another?

High blood pressure and low osmotic pressure

Which is not a characteristic of osmoregulation in marine (salt-water) fish?

Lose bodily electrolytes through diffusion

Euryhaline animals cannot tolerate large fluctuations in the osmolarity of their environment

false

Considering the three types of nitrogenous wastes produced in animals, which of the following statements is true?

Uric acid is mostly insoluble in water

The majority of the water that is filtered from the blood in the kidney is regained by the body at the region of the look of hence is known as ____.

descending limb

The renal cortex of a human kidney has a higher salt content than the renal medulla.

False

The site of waste exchange between blood within capillaries and the kidney is the

renal corpuscle

Land plants are considered to be monoplyetic with a common ancestor in green algae

true

the characteristic of having the ability to photosynthesize would be found in land plants, but not in green algae

false

Saprophytes are diploid organisms

True

Gametes are created through ____.

Mitosis

gametophytes are plants that grow from ____ and produce ____.

Spores / Gametes

Non-vascular seedless plants

dominant gametophyte and dependent sporophyte

vascular seedless plants

dominant sporophyte and independent gametophyte

vascular seed plants

dominant sporophyte and dependent gametophyte

In the life cycle of an angiosperm, what is the male gametophyte?

the pollen grain

Which of the following [plant cells secrete the cuticle?

Epidermal cells

Meristems contain tissues that will later become fully functioning plant tissues. Which type of embryonic plant tissue will later become vascular tissue?

Procambium

What kind of tissue gives the appearance of growth rings in woody plants?

secondary xylem

loose connective tissue

functions as a type of padding for internal organswhic

which of the following types of muscle tissues are involuntary?

Cardiac and smooth

What type of connective tissue has a solid extracellular matrix that allows for stiff, yet flexible structural support?

cartilage

Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all plants?

cells that contain cell walls made of chitin

The characteristic of having the ability to photosynthesize would be found in land plants, but not in green algae

false

Gametophytes are plants that grow from ___ and produce___.

spores / gametes

gametes are created through

mitosis

Sporophytes are diploid organisms

true

Animal cells that secrete more hormones have more what

rough er

cells that act in the immune response have more what

more lysosomes

flattened structures

folds of tissue increase surface area

projections (villi)

finger-like projections of surface

highly branched structures

very small tubules from one large tubule