Studied by 19 people
domesticate
to breed, train, or grow (an animal or plant) for human use
agriculture
the science or occupation of farming
ancestor
a person who was in someone's family in past times
monotheism
the belief in only one god
hierarchy
a system in which people or things are placed in a series of levels with different importance or status
colony
an area that is controlled by or belongs to a country and is usually far away from it
economy
the process or system by which goods and services are produced, sold, and bought in a country or region
mercantilism
an economic system in which there is strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy
parliament
the group of people who are responsible for making the laws in some forms of government
repeal
to officially make (a law) no longer valid
boycott
to refuse to buy, use, or participate in (something) as a way of protesting
martial law
control of an area by military forces rather than by the police
inflation
a continual increase in the price of goods and services
egalitarian
aiming for equal wealth, status, etc., for all people
republic
a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader (such as a president) rather than by a king or queen
ratify
to make (a treaty, agreement, etc.) official by signing it or voting for it
tariff
a tax on goods coming into or leaving a country
campaign
a series of activities designed to produce a particular result
doctrine
a set of ideas or beliefs that are taught or believed to be true
migrate
to move from one country or place to live or work in another
entrepreneur
a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in order to make money
famine
a situation in which many people do not have enough food to eat
suffrage
the right to vote in an election
strike
a period of time when workers stop work in order to force an employer to agree to their demands
byproduct
something that is produced during the production or destruction of something else
abundant
existing in large amounts
manufacturer
a person or company that makes a product
ingenuity
skill or cleverness that allows someone to solve problems, invent things, etc.
corruption
dishonest or illegal behavior especially by powerful people
commission
a group of people who have been given the official job of finding information about something or controlling something
regulate
to make rules or laws that control (something)
consolidate
to join or combine together into one thing
stock
a portion ( "share") of the value of a company which can be bought, sold, or traded as an investment
monopoly
complete control of the entire supply of goods or of a service in a certain area or market
social Darwinism
the hypothesis that those who work hard will become successful
corporation
a large business or organization that, under the law, has the same rights as an individual
reimburse
to pay someone an amount of money equal to the amount that person has already spent
wage
an amount of money that a worker is paid based on the number of hours, days, etc., that are worked
advocate
to argue for or support a cause or policy
collective bargaining
group negotiation
socialism
an economic and political system based on government control of business and property, and an equal distribution of wealth
freight
goods that are carried by ships, trains, trucks, or airplanes
arbitration
a process of settling an argument or disagreement in which the people or groups on both sides present their opinions and ideas to a third person or group
crusade
a major effort to change something
persecution
to treat (someone) cruelly or unfairly especially because of race or religious or political beliefs
pogrom
the organized killing of many helpless people, usually because of their race or religion
emigrate
to leave a country or region to live elsewhere
annex
to take control of (a territory or place)
ordeal
an experience that is very unpleasant or difficult
ethnic
associated with or belonging to a particular race or group of people who have a culture that is different from the main culture of a country
nativism
the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
urbanization
the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more and more people begin living and working in central areas
assimilate
to cause (a person or group) to become part of a different society, country, etc.
tenement
a large building that has apartments or rooms for rent and that is usually in a poorer part of a city
inadequate
not enough or not good enough
sanitation
the process of keeping places free from dirt, infection, disease, etc., by removing waste, trash and garbage, by cleaning streets, etc.
appoint
to choose (someone) to have a particular job; to give (someone) a position or duty
reform
to improve (someone or something) by removing or correcting faults, problems, etc.
curriculum
the courses that are taught by a school, college, etc.
oppression
to treat (a person or group of people) in a cruel or unfair way
segregation
the practice or policy of keeping people of different races, religions, etc., separate from each other
constitutionality
being allowed by or in agreement with a constitution
specialization
to limit your business or area of study to one specific subject
sector
an area of an economy; a part of an economy that includes certain kinds of jobs
progressive
using or interested in new or modern ideas especially in politics and education
promote
to help (something) happen, develop, or increase
foster
to help (something) grow or develop
socialism
a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individual people and companies
muckraker
someone (such as a reporter) who tries to find embarrassing or shocking information about famous people or industries
constituents
any one of the people who live and vote in an area
initiative
a plan or program that is intended to solve a problem
referendum
an event in which the people of a county, state, etc., vote for or against a law that deals with a specific issue; a public vote on a particular issue
recall
a way in which a public official may be removed from office by a special vote of the people; also: a request by a company for people to return a product that has a defect or problem
temperance
the practice of drinking little or no alcohol
conservation
the protection of animals, plants, and natural resources
restraint
a way of limiting, controlling, or stopping something
administration
a government or part of a government that is identified with its leader (such as a U.S. president or British prime minister)
revenue
money that is made by or paid to a business or an organization
liberal
believing that government should be active in supporting social and political change
jurisdiction
the power or right to make judgments about the law, to arrest and punish criminals, etc.
lobbying
to try to influence government officials to make decisions for or against something
predecessor
a person who had a job or position before someone else
welfare
money or aid given by the government to help an individual, company, or group
imperialism
a policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world
dominant
more important, powerful, or successful than most or all others
missionaries
people who go to foreign countries to do religious work
annex
to take control of (a territory or place)
capitalism
a way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government
guerilla
a member of a usually small group of soldiers who do not belong to a regular army and who fight in a war as an independent unit
protectorate
a small country that is controlled and protected by a larger one
exile
a situation in which you are forced to leave your country or home and go to live in a foreign country
impose
to force someone to accept (something)
market
an area (such as a country or part of a country) where a product or service can be sold; the specific type of people who may buy a product
commerce
activities that relate to the buying and selling of goods and services
opponent
a person, group, etc., that is against something (such as an action, law, or system)
province
any one of the large parts that some countries are divided into
canal
a man-made waterway
neutral
not supporting either side of an argument, fight, war, etc.
militarism
the opinions or actions of people who believe that a country should use military methods, forces, etc., to gain power and to achieve its goals
nationalism
a feeling that people have of being loyal to and proud of their country often with the belief that it is better and more important than other countries
Note
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