ORGANIC CHEM LAB (MIDTERMS)

A __________ holds and mixes liquids and provides approximate volume measurements.

Beaker

The __________ is used to accurately measure liquid volumes.

Graduated Cylinder

An __________ mixes and heats solutions with reduced spillage risk.

Erlenmeyer Flask

A __________ prepares precise liquid solutions to a specific volume.

Volumetric Flask

A __________ holds small amounts of chemicals for mixing or heating.

Test Tube

A __________ dispenses precise liquid volumes for titrations.

Burette

A __________ transfers small liquid volumes accurately.

Pipette

A __________ covers beakers or evaporates liquids and holds small samples.

Watch Glass

A __________ is used to culture cells or small organisms.

Petri Dish

A __________ directs liquids into narrow openings and is used for filtering.

Funnel

A __________ stores sensitive chemicals securely.

Reagent Bottle

An __________ dish evaporates excess solvent to isolate solids.

Evaporating Dish

A __________ is used to heat substances at high temperatures.

Crucible

____________ ensures safe handling of hot glassware.

Crucible Tongs

A __________ holds test tubes during heating.

Test Tube Holder

__________ are used to grip small objects or samples.

Forceps

A __________ is used to mix solutions manually.

Stirring Rod

A __________, also known as Scoopula, transfers powdered chemicals.

Spatula

A __________ provides a controllable heat source.

Bunsen Burner

A __________ grinds solids into fine powders.

Mortar and Pestle

A __________ dispenses distilled water for rinsing.

Wash Bottle

A __________ with an iron ring supports glassware over heat sources.

Ring Stand

A __________ elevates glassware for heating.

Tripod Stand

A __________ ventilates hazardous fumes safely.

Fume Hood

A __________ measures temperature in reactions.

Thermometer

A __________ accurately weighs chemicals.

Digital Balance

__________ separates solids from liquids in filtration.

Filter Paper

A __________ measures the pH of solutions accurately.

pH Meter

__________ is an inorganic compound as it lacks carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Carbon dioxide

____________ are organic due to their C-H bonds.

Methane, ethanol, and acetylene

What are the 4 types of chemical reactions __________.

Combination, Decomposition, Single Displacement, Double Displacement

Combustion of magnesium demonstrates __________.

reactivity and displacement

The reaction of lead nitrate with potassium chromate forms a __________, indicating an exchange reaction.

precipitate

Acid-base reactions are tested using __________ to determine pH.

Litmus Paper

Physical changes involve changes in __________ without altering composition.

Physical Properties

Examples of physical changes include __________.

melting, freezing, and evaporation

Chemical changes involve the formation of ______________.

new substances through bond breaking and forming

Indicators of chemical changes include __________.

color changes, precipitate formation, gas evolution, temperature change, and odor change

Reactants are substances that __________ the reaction.

start

Products are the new substances __________ in a chemical reaction.

formed

__________ represent mole ratios in a reaction.

Coefficients

Physical states are represented by symbols such as (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, and __________ for gas.

(g)

Color change indicates a __________.

new substance formation

Formation of an insoluble solid in solution

Precipitate Formation

__________ is noted by bubbling or fizzing during a reaction.

Gas Evolution

Exothermic reactions release heat, whereas __________ reactions absorb heat.

endothermic

Organic compounds typically contain __________.

carbon and hydrogen

Inorganic compounds generally lack __________.

C-H bonds

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Contain one or more benzene rings

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Do not contain benzene rings

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Only single bonds between carbon atoms

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Contain double or triple bonds

Actively Saturated Hydrocarbons

Fully saturated compounds resistant to reactions

Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Carbon atoms form a closed ring

Acyclic Hydrocarbons

Carbon atoms are arranged in open chains