2023 SS STUDENT Midterm Study Guide

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13th Amendment

Ended slavery (granted rights to African Americans)

14th Amendment

Gave citizenship to African Americans \n (granted rights to African Americans)

**15th Amendment**

Allowed African Americans the right to vote (granted rights)

Reconstruction

The time after the CIvil War when the North and South were coming back together and rebuilding the country

(UNSUCCESSFUL DUE TO JIM CROW LAWS)

Jim Crow Laws

Laws to __limit the freedoms of__ African Americans by **separating** them from the White people. 

LIMITED FREEDOMS of African AMericans. 

Failure of Reconstruction.

Poll Taxes
Grandfather Clause
Literacy Test

Restrict voting rights of African Americans

Segregation

The separation of African Americans and Whites through the creation of separate facilities for each race.
IT WAS NOT EQUAL (limit freedoms)

**Plessy v. Ferguson**

Established separate but equal/ segregation.

Yellow Journalism

Use of exaggeration in newspapers to influence public opinion. (Sinking of the Maine)

**Panama Canal**

Shortened sea route between Atlantic and Pacific.

Monopoly/Trust

When one person or company controls a type of business by putting all other companies out of business. (BAD THING)

Often used corruption in the Senate (law makers)

EXAMPLE: Standard oil

**Sherman Antitrust Act**

Broke up monopolies/trusts
Enforced by Teddy Roosevelt

**Immigration**

**Ellis Island**

**Angel Island**

When a person moves to a new country to live there permanently

• America needed immigrants as unskilled workers

• Immigrants came in the US through Ellis Island on the East Coast

• Immigrants took an eye exam, mental and medical exams

• Angel Island was on the Pacific coast for Asian immigrants

**Push Factor**

Negative things that make someone want to leave a country

Pull factor

Positive things that make someone want to move to a country

Industrial Revolution

Time when cities and factories grew (urbanization) because of the new invention that changed the way things were made and transported (Farms -> FACTORIES) PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION-> tenements/meat production/child labor

**Muckrakers**

Produced novels/articles and photographs that EXPOSED problems in society.

**Child Labor**

When children worked in factories in terrible conditions to help support their families. Children were paid less.

**Labor Movement**

When workers would strike against low wages and poor conditions/factory owners opposed this. Sparked by Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire.

**Women’s Suffrage**

Women fighting for their right to vote

**Imperialism**

When America has to expand to meet its needs at home. Taking over smaller territories.

**Progressive Era**

Time period when laws were passed to fix the problems of society.

**Transcontinental Railroad**

Expanded interstate business. Moved goods/people/ideas across the country.

**Purchase of Alaska**

Seward from Russia

**Sinking of USS Maine**

Led to S.A.W and the acquisition of P.R., Guam and Philippines (long term outcome)

Power

Having control over another group, individual, or nation

Conflict

An argument or disagreement between individuals, groups or nations

Innovation

Technologies and ideas that make life easier.

Human Interactions

Individuals or groups working together/communicating by choice or force Ex: trade/war/diplomacy

Environmental Impact

The way in which we treat the area we live in. The result of our actions on where we live.

Inequality

A group, individual, or nation not treating others fairly

Social

People living and working together under a common set of laws

Military

Armed forces of a nation.

Economic

Use of money and resources.

Political

Ideas and opinions that determine laws and policies for a country.

Religious

Ideas and beliefs that shape people's ways of life and culture

Scientific

Studying testing and experimenting to find ways to make life easier/ better.