2b Roots and Mangroves

Flashcards covering key concepts in the anatomy and functions of plant roots, their modifications, and their role in ecosystems.

Functions of Roots

Absorption and conduction, anchorage, storage, and secretion.

Lateral Roots

Roots that emerge from the main root and help in increasing the root surface area.

Apical Meristem

The region of actively dividing cells at the root tip responsible for growth.

Casparian Strip

A waterproof band in the endodermis that regulates the flow of water and nutrients.

Root Cap

A protective structure at the tip of a root that helps in soil penetration.

Monocot vs. Dicot Roots

Monocots have no pith in the vascular cylinder, while dicots do.

Protoxylem and Protophloem

The first xylem and phloem elements to differentiate in the root during primary growth.

Stilt Roots

Roots that grow above ground to provide support, found in species like the Banyan tree.

Mycorrhizas

Symbiotic relationships between fungi and root systems that enhance nutrient absorption.

Aerial Roots

Roots produced aboveground to access moisture and nutrients from the air.

Secondary Growth

Growth in thickness that occurs in woody plants, leading to the development of secondary xylem and phloem.

Root Modifications

Alterations in root structure for specific functions such as storage, support, and adaptation to environments.

Pneumatophores

Specialized aerial roots that help in gas exchange for plants in waterlogged environments.

Mangrove Community

A coastal ecosystem characterized by salt-tolerant trees and their complex root systems.

Root Nodules

Swellings on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria, aiding in nitrogen absorption.

Rhizophora mangle

Commonly known as the Red Mangrove, characterized by stilt roots.