Unit 2: Functional Groups

Orgaanisen kemian funktionaaliset ryhmät

BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM CRAM GUIDE CELL PARTS Cell Membrane * Controls what enters and leaves the cell. * Maintains homeostasis. Cytoplasm * Jelly-like fluid where organelles are located. Nucleus * Control center. * Contains DNA. Nucleolus * Makes ribosomes. Ribosomes * Make proteins. Rough ER * Protein production and transport. Smooth ER * Makes lipids and detoxifies chemicals. Golgi Apparatus * Packages and ships proteins. Mitochondria * Powerhouse of the cell. * Produces ATP (energy). Lysosome * Digests waste and old cell parts. Vacuole * Stores water, food, and waste. ⸻ PROKARYOTES VS EUKARYOTES Prokaryotes * No nucleus * No membrane-bound organelles * Smaller * Bacteria Eukaryotes * Has nucleus * Has organelles * Plants, animals, fungi, protists ⸻ DNA & RNA DNA Bases * A = T * C = G RNA Bases * A = U * C = G If DNA is: TAC RNA becomes: AUG AUG = Start codon (Methionine) Remember: DNA → mRNA → Protein ⸻ CODON CHART Each 3 RNA letters = 1 amino acid. Example: DNA: TAC GAA mRNA: AUG CUU Protein: Methionine – Leucine ⸻ GENE TERMS Gene * Section of DNA that codes for a trait. Genotype * Genetic makeup. * Example: AA, Aa, aa Phenotype * Physical appearance. * Example: Brown eyes ⸻ HOMOZYGOUS VS HETEROZYGOUS Homozygous Dominant AA Heterozygous Aa Homozygous Recessive aa Dominant = Capital letter Recessive = Lowercase letter ⸻ PUNNETT SQUARE Aa × Aa

Chapter 4.4: The endomembrane system and proteins/organelles

cell organelles etc

IB Biology B2.2 Organelles and Compartmentalization HL

Cytoplasm & Organelles

Lesson 2: Cell Biology & Organelles

Cell Organelles: Membranous and Non-membranous Parts

Introduction to Cell Biology and Organelles

Cell Organelles and their Functions

Cell Biology: Organelles and Functions

Organelles and Membranes Flashcards

Bootcamp.com - Cells and Organelles

Cell Structure (other organelles and structures)

14-Citología - Organelos Bimembranosos y Monomembranosos

Organelles: Lysosomes and Mitochondria

19-Citología: Núcleo y Organelos Celulares

CELL ORGANELLES/MICROSCOPY

B2.2 Organelles and Compartmentalisation