Organelles

Nucleus-the nucleus allows for molecules to pass in and out of the cell
Nucleolus-the nucleolus produces and assembles the cell’s ribosomes
Ribosome- a ribosome reads specific sequences of amino acids to produce proteins
Mitochondria- the mitochondria break down molecules found in food and provide energy to support the cell’s activities
Chloroplast - the chloroplast produces energy through photosynthesis in plants and algae and this organelle is only in plant cells
Golgi apparatus (body) - the Golgi apparatus packages endoplasmic reticulum products and transports proteins and lipids out of the cell to other locations, including the cell membrane or other organelles.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - ER distributes proteins and other substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm (inside the cell)
Lysosome - lysosomes break down excess cell parts, can protect the cell from invading viruses + bacteria, and are only in animal cells
Vacuole - the vacuole has slightly different roles in animal and plant cells
- Plant cells - maintains water balance and vacuoles in plant cells are often large, called the central vacuole
- Animal cells - stores cell waste and vacuoles in animal cells are often smaller, called the temporary vacuole
Cytoskeleton - the cytoskeleton helps maintain the shape of the cell, secures certain organelles, and allows cytoplasm + vesicles to move within the cell
- The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers
Cell membrane - the cell membrane protects internal structures from the outside environment and controls what can get in and out of the cell
Cell wall - the cell wall protects the cell and provides structural support
- Animal cells do not have a cell wall while plant cells have a cell wall and a cell membrane
DNA - DNA, or chromosomes, stores important information that keeps the cell alive
Cytoplasm - cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance (thanks to cytosol) and suspends internal organelles inside the cell