organelle
- Cell Membrane: A double layer that supports and protects the cell. Allows materials in and out.
- Lysosome: Contains digestive enzymes that destroy damaged organelles and invaders.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid that surrounds and protects the organelles.
- Nucleus: The control center of the cell. Contains DNA.
- Nuclear Membrane: The membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
- Nucleolus: A round structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
- Vacuole: A space surrounded by a membrane that contains fluid.
- Golgi Body: Processes and packages materials for the cell.
- Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell. Breaks down food to produce energy in the form of ATP.
- Rough E.R.: Builds and transports substances through the cell. Has ribosomes on it.
- Smooth E.R.: Builds and transports substances through the cell. Doesn’t have ribosomes.
- Ribosome: Small organelles that cause protein synthesis.
- Cell Wall: Gives shape and protection to plant cells.
- Chloroplast: Contains chlorophyll. Photosynthesis takes place here.
- Mesosome: A folded extension of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells, particularly bacteria, that is thought to assist in cellular processes like DNA replication and cellular respiration.
- Pili: Hair-like appendages found on the surface of many bacteria that serve functions ranging from attaching to surfaces to facilitating genetic exchange in a process known as bacterial conjugation.
- Flagella: Long, whip-like structures that protrude from the cell membrane and enable mobility in various microorganisms, including some bacteria and eukaryotic cells like sperm.
- Naked DNA: Refers to DNA strands that are not associated with proteins, typically seen in prokaryotic cells where the DNA is not enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus.