organelle

Cell Membrane

A double layer that supports and protects the cell. Allows materials in and out.

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes that destroy damaged organelles and invaders.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like fluid that surrounds and protects the organelles.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell. Contains DNA.

Nuclear Membrane

The membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Nucleolus

A round structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes.

Vacuole

store cell waste

Golgi Body

Processes and packages materials for the cell.

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell. Breaks down food to produce energy in the form of ATP.

Rough E.R.

Builds and transports substances through the cell. Has ribosomes on it.

Smooth E.R.

Builds and transports substances through the cell. Doesn’t have ribosomes.

Ribosome

Small organelles that cause protein synthesis.

Cell Wall

Gives shape and protection to plant cells.

Chloroplast

Contains chlorophyll. Photosynthesis takes place here.

Mesosome

A folded extension of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells, particularly bacteria, that is thought to assist in cellular processes like DNA replication and cellular respiration.

Pili

Hair-like appendages found on the surface of many bacteria that serve functions ranging from attaching to surfaces to facilitating genetic exchange in a process known as bacterial conjugation.

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures that protrude from the cell membrane and enable mobility in various microorganisms, including some bacteria and eukaryotic cells like sperm.

Naked DNA

Refers to DNA strands that are not associated with proteins, typically seen in prokaryotic cells where the DNA is not enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus.