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Ethos, Pathos, and Logos

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Ethos, Pathos, and Logos – The Rhetorical Triangle

NCM 110 Lab: HC App Logos

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Engl 101 Logos, Ethos, Pathos, Kairos

English QUIZ- Logical Fallacies and Ethos, Pathos, and Logos

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English Vocab Ethos Pathos Logos

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1. Allegory • Definition: A narrative in which characters and events symbolically represent deeper truths or general ideas about human existence (often moral, political, or social). • Example: Animal Farm by George Orwell is an allegory of the Russian Revolution and subsequent political developments. • Quick Question: What hidden meaning might you look for in an allegorical story? 2. Alliteration • Definition: The repetition of initial consonant sounds in closely connected words. • Example: “She sells seashells by the seashore.” • Quick Question: Which sound is repeated in “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers”? 3. Allusion • Definition: A brief, indirect reference to a person, event, or piece of literature. • Example: “He met his Waterloo” alludes to Napoleon’s final defeat. • Quick Question: What famous historical event is hinted at with the phrase “met his Waterloo”? 4. Analogy • Definition: A comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation or clarification. • Example: “Life is like a box of chocolates—you never know what you’re gonna get.” • Quick Question: How does an analogy help in understanding a complex idea? 5. Anaphora • Definition: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. • Example: Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I have a dream…” speech. • Quick Question: What is the effect of repeating “I have a dream” at the start of each sentence? 6. Anticlimax • Definition: A sudden shift from a significant idea to one that is trivial or mundane, often used humorously or ironically. • Example: “He lost his family, his job, and his keys.” • Quick Question: Why might an author choose to use an anticlimax in a narrative? 7. Antithesis • Definition: Juxtaposing contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel phrases or clauses. • Example: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.” • Quick Question: Identify the contrasting ideas in the above example. 8. Aphorism • Definition: A brief, pithy statement that expresses a general truth or observation. • Example: “Actions speak louder than words.” • Quick Question: Can you think of another common aphorism? 9. Apostrophe (Rhetorical) • Definition: A figure of speech in which the speaker addresses an absent person, abstract idea, or inanimate object as if it were present and capable of understanding. • Example: “O Death, where is thy sting?” • Quick Question: Who or what is being directly addressed in an apostrophe? 10. Apposition • Definition: Placing two elements side by side where one explains or identifies the other. • Example: “My friend, the doctor, arrived.” • Quick Question: What information does the appositive “the doctor” add? 11. Assonance • Definition: The repetition of vowel sounds within nearby words to create internal rhyming. • Example: “Hear the mellow wedding bells.” • Quick Question: Which vowel sound is repeated in “mellow” and “wedding”? 12. Asyndeton • Definition: The omission of conjunctions between parts of a sentence, often to speed up the rhythm or create an impactful effect. • Example: “I came, I saw, I conquered.” • Quick Question: How does the lack of “and” in the example affect its pace? 13. Chiasmus • Definition: A reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases. • Example: “Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You.” • Quick Question: What is the reversed structure you notice in the example? 14. Connotation • Definition: The implied or emotional meaning of a word, beyond its literal definition. • Example: The word “home” connotes warmth and safety, not just a place where one lives. • Quick Question: How does the connotation of “home” differ from its denotation? 15. Deduction • Definition: A logical process where a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises generally assumed to be true (moving from general to specific). • Example: “All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal.” • Quick Question: What type of reasoning moves from general principles to a specific conclusion? 16. Denotation • Definition: The literal, dictionary definition of a word. • Example: The denotation of “snake” is a legless reptile, while its connotation may imply deceit. • Quick Question: What is the difference between denotation and connotation? 17. Ellipsis • Definition: The omission of words or a trailing off of thought, often indicated by three dots (…). • Example: “To be continued…” • Quick Question: What effect does an ellipsis have on the reader? 18. Epithet • Definition: A descriptive phrase expressing a quality or attribute of the person or thing mentioned. • Example: “Alexander the Great” uses “the Great” as an epithet to highlight his achievements. • Quick Question: How does an epithet add depth to a name or description? 19. Ethos • Definition: An appeal to ethics, credibility, or character to persuade an audience. • Example: A doctor giving medical advice relies on his/her expertise (ethos). • Quick Question: In what ways can a speaker build ethos? 20. Euphemism • Definition: A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one that is considered harsh or blunt. • Example: Saying “passed away” instead of “died.” • Quick Question: Why might someone choose to use a euphemism? 21. Figures of Speech • Definition: A broad category of literary devices that express ideas in a non-literal or imaginative way (including metaphors, similes, hyperboles, etc.). • Example: “Time flies” is a figure of speech that does not mean time literally has wings. • Quick Question: Can you name three figures of speech besides those listed here? 22. Hyperbole • Definition: Deliberate and obvious exaggeration used for emphasis or effect. • Example: “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.” • Quick Question: What is the purpose of using hyperbole in a statement? 23. Induction • Definition: A logical process that involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations (moving from specific to general). • Example: Observing that the sun has risen every morning and concluding it will rise tomorrow. • Quick Question: How does inductive reasoning differ from deductive reasoning? 24. Irony • Definition: A contrast between expectation and reality. There are several types: • Verbal irony: Saying the opposite of what is meant. • Situational irony: When events turn out contrary to what was expected. • Dramatic irony: When the audience knows more than the characters. • Example: A fire station burning down is an example of situational irony. • Quick Question: What makes irony an effective rhetorical device? 25. Litotes • Definition: An understatement that uses negation to express a positive idea, often by denying the opposite. • Example: “Not bad” to mean “good.” • Quick Question: How does litotes differ from a straightforward understatement? 26. Logos • Definition: An appeal to logic and reason, using facts, statistics, or logical arguments to persuade. • Example: A politician citing economic data to support a policy argument. • Quick Question: What kinds of evidence are most effective for a logos-based argument? Part 2: Devices 27–53 27. Metaphor • Definition: A figure of speech that makes a direct comparison between two unlike things by stating one is the other. • Example: “Time is a thief.” • Quick Question: How does calling time “a thief” change our understanding of it? 28. Metonymy • Definition: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated. • Example: “The pen is mightier than the sword” (where “pen” represents writing or intellect). • Quick Question: Can you think of another example of metonymy? 29. Onomatopoeia • Definition: A word that imitates the natural sound of a thing. • Example: “Buzz,” “sizzle,” or “clang.” • Quick Question: What sound does “whisper” evoke even though it isn’t a perfect auditory mimic? 30. Oxymoron • Definition: A figure of speech in which two contradictory terms appear in conjunction. • Example: “Deafening silence.” • Quick Question: How does an oxymoron create emphasis? 31. Paradox • Definition: A statement that appears self-contradictory or absurd, yet may contain a hidden truth. • Example: “Less is more.” • Quick Question: What might “less is more” suggest about quality versus quantity? 32. Parallelism/Parallel Structure • Definition: Using components in a sentence that are grammatically similar or identical in structure, sound, or meaning. • Example: “Easy come, easy go.” • Quick Question: How does parallel structure enhance clarity in a sentence? 33. Parataxis • Definition: Placing clauses or phrases one after another without using coordinating or subordinating conjunctions. • Example: “I came, I saw, I conquered.” • Quick Question: How is parataxis similar to or different from asyndeton? 34. Parenthesis (Rhetorical) • Definition: An explanatory or qualifying word, clause, or sentence inserted into a passage as an aside. • Example: “The car, a 1967 Mustang, was in mint condition.” • Quick Question: What purpose does the parenthetical information serve in the sentence? 35. Pathos • Definition: An appeal to the audience’s emotions, aiming to evoke feelings to persuade. • Example: A charity advertisement showing images of suffering animals to elicit compassion and donations. • Quick Question: How might a speaker use pathos to strengthen an argument? 36. Periodic Sentence • Definition: A sentence that withholds its main clause or meaning until the end, creating suspense or emphasis. • Example: “Despite heavy winds and torrential rains, the expedition continued forward.” • Quick Question: What effect does a periodic sentence have on the reader? 37. Personification • Definition: Attributing human qualities or actions to non-human objects or abstract ideas. • Example: “The wind whispered through the trees.” • Quick Question: Why might a writer choose to personify nature? 38. Polysyndeton • Definition: The deliberate use of many conjunctions between clauses, often to slow the rhythm or emphasize each element. • Example: “He ran and jumped and laughed for joy.” • Quick Question: How does polysyndeton affect the pace of a sentence compared to asyndeton? 39. Proverb • Definition: A short, well-known saying that expresses a common truth or piece of advice. • Example: “A stitch in time saves nine.” • Quick Question: Can you recall another common proverb? 40. Pun • Definition: A play on words that exploits the multiple meanings or similar sounds of words for humorous or rhetorical effect. • Example: “Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.” • Quick Question: What makes a pun effective or humorous? 41. Refutation • Definition: The act of disproving an opposing argument; an essential component in debate and persuasive writing. • Example: “While my opponent argues X, the following evidence refutes that claim…” • Quick Question: Why is refutation important in persuasive writing? 42. Rhetoric • Definition: The art of effective or persuasive communication, encompassing the strategic use of language and rhetorical devices. • Example: Speeches by great orators that move audiences emotionally and intellectually. • Quick Question: How do rhetorical devices contribute to the art of rhetoric? 43. Rhetorical Question • Definition: A question asked for effect or emphasis rather than to receive an answer. • Example: “Isn’t it a bit late to be asking that now?” • Quick Question: What response is expected from the audience when a rhetorical question is used? 44. Simile • Definition: A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two different things using “like” or “as.” • Example: “Her smile was as bright as the sun.” • Quick Question: How does a simile differ from a metaphor? 45. Style • Definition: The distinctive manner in which an author uses language, including word choice, sentence structure, tone, and use of rhetorical devices. • Example: The poetic, elaborate style of Shakespeare versus the straightforward style of Ernest Hemingway. • Quick Question: What elements contribute to an author’s style? 46. Syllogism • Definition: A form of deductive reasoning that includes a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. • Example: “All humans are mortal; Socrates is human; therefore, Socrates is mortal.” • Quick Question: How does a syllogism differ from other forms of argument? 47. Synaesthesia • Definition: A mixing of the senses, or the use of one sense to describe another, creating an unusual or vivid expression. • Example: “A loud color” or “a sweet sound.” • Quick Question: What is the effect of describing a color as “loud”? 48. Synecdoche • Definition: A figure of speech in which a part represents the whole or vice versa. • Example: “All hands on deck” where “hands” represent the sailors. • Quick Question: Can you identify another example where a part stands for the whole? 49. Tricolon • Definition: A series of three parallel elements (words, phrases, or clauses) used to create a memorable or dramatic effect. • Example: “Veni, vidi, vici.” • Quick Question: How does using three elements (a tricolon) affect the rhythm of a sentence? 50. Trope • Definition: A figurative or metaphorical use of a word or expression; an umbrella term for any figure of speech. • Example: Metaphors, similes, and hyperboles are all types of tropes. • Quick Question: Why might an author use tropes throughout a work? 51. Understatement • Definition: A figure of speech that minimizes the importance or magnitude of something, often for ironic or humorous effect. • Example: Saying “It’s just a scratch” when referring to a large dent in a car. • Quick Question: How can understatement be used to achieve irony? 52. Voice • Definition: The unique personality, tone, and style of a writer or speaker, reflected in word choice and syntax. • Example: The distinctive narrative voice in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye. • Quick Question: What aspects of writing contribute to an author’s voice? 53. Zeugma • Definition: A figure of speech in which one word (often a verb or adjective) applies to two or more other words in different ways. • Example: “He stole my heart and my wallet.” • Quick Question: What is the dual effect created by the word “stole” in the example? Practice Quiz Questions Use these questions to test your understanding. Try answering them before checking the answers! 1. Multiple Choice: Which sentence best demonstrates alliteration? A. “Time is a thief.” B. “She sells seashells by the seashore.” C. “Less is more.” D. “The pen is mightier than the sword.” Answer: B 2. Fill in the Blank: A comparison using “like” or “as” is known as a ________. Answer: Simile 3. True or False: A rhetorical question is asked to get an actual answer. Answer: False (It is asked for effect.) 4. Matching: Match the rhetorical device to its description: • a. Hyperbole • b. Irony • c. Personification • d. Euphemism Descriptions: 1. A mild or pleasant word used in place of one that might be considered harsh. 2. An exaggeration for effect. 3. Assigning human qualities to non-human things. 4. A contrast between what is said and what is meant or expected. Answers: • a → 2 • b → 4 • c → 3 • d → 1 5. Short Answer: Explain the difference between deduction and induction. Answer: Deduction is reasoning from general premises to a specific conclusion, while induction is reasoning from specific observations to form a general conclusion. 6. Identification: Identify the rhetorical device used in the sentence: “I came, I saw, I conquered.” Answer: This sentence uses asyndeton (omitting conjunctions) and is an example of a tricolon (three parallel elements). 7. Application: How does the use of anaphora enhance the impact of a speech? Answer: Anaphora creates rhythm and emphasis by repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences or clauses, which can make the message more memorable and persuasive. Final Tips for Your Quiz • Read each example carefully: Ask yourself what effect the device creates and why the author might have chosen to use it. • Practice identification: Try to spot these devices in articles, speeches, or literature you read. • Explain in your own words: Being able to explain each device in your own words will deepen your understanding and prepare you to identify them on a quiz. By reviewing these definitions, examples, and practice questions, you’ll be well prepared to identify and analyze these 53 rhetorical devices on your quiz

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AP Lang. & Comp. Midterm Study Guide - Matarazzo THE MIDTERM CONSIST OF… ● 28 Multiple Choice Questions (1 pt. each) ○ AP-Style reading passages and multiple choice questions ○ Example student writing passages and multiple choice questions ○ Other multiple choice questions on key concepts & terms ● 4 Short Answer (3 points each) ● 2 Extended Response (5 points each) ○ TOTAL: 50 points (x2 to convert to 100) Concepts to Know: RHETORICAL SITUATION (Unit 1) ☐ speaker ☐ purpose ☐ audience ☐ context ☐ exigence TYPES OF EVIDENCE (Unit 1) ☐ quantifiable ☐ qualifiable ☐ descriptive/comparative APPEALS: (Unit 2) ☐ ethos ☐ pathos ☐ logos TONE: (Unit 2) ☐ tone ☐ diction ☐ imagery ☐ details METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT ☐ cause-effect (Unit 3) ☐ narration (Unit 3) ☐ compare-contrast (Unit 4) ☐ definition-description (Unit 4) FALLACIES: (UNIT 3) ☐ either-or ☐ bandwagon ☐ ad hominem ☐ straw man ☐ non-sequitur ☐ appeals to authority ☐ appeals to pity ☐ appeals to ignorance ☐ hasty generalization ☐ slippery slope ☐ faulty causality ☐ weak analogy EFFECTIVE WRITING: (all units) ☐ claims ☐ evidence ☐ line of reasoning ☐ thesis ☐ thesis statement ☐ commentary ☐ topic sentences ☐ introductions ☐ conclusions HELPFUL TIP: You “know” these concepts when you can… A) explain each clearly to someone else and B) give examples of them. Other items to keep in mind… ● Rhetorical Analysis Thesis Structure ○ In SPEAKER/WRITER’S (tone) speech/letter/article (to AUDIENCE), he/she uses ___ and ____ to PURPOSE. ■ EXAMPLE: In his patriotic speech to Congress, President Roosevelt repeats “attacked” and “deliberate” as well as appeals to patriotism in order to convince Congress to declare war on Japan. ● Rhetorical Precis - Know how to write one! You do not need to have the structure memorized, but be familiar with it! ○ A well-written rhetorical precis of a text need only be 4-5 sentences long. It’s how you pack the information into them that counts. ○ 1st Sentence: Name of author, [optional: a phrase describing the author], the genre and title of the work, date in parentheses (additional publishing information in parentheses or note), a rhetorically accurate verb (such as "assert," "argue," "suggest," "imply," "claim," etc.), and a THAT clause containing the major assertion (thesis statement) of the work. ○ 2nd Sentence: An explanation of how the author develops and/or supports the thesis, usually in chronological order. ○ 3rd Sentence: A statement of the author’s apparent purpose, followed by an "in order to" phrase. ○ 4th Sentence: A description of the intended audience if it seems to be for a specific person or group, OR a brief statement of why you chose this article to analyze. ● Be familiar with utilizing theoretical lenses (i.e. gender, Sentimentalism, Romanticism, Panopticon) for literary analysis! ○ ***HINT: You’ve all done this with your literary analysis essay, Contending Forces presentations, our other tests’ extended responses, etc. You’ll be ready! :) ● Be familiar with characters and key concepts from each of the following… ○ Contending Forces ○ Light in August ○ Frankenstein ○ Never Let Me Go

Ethos, Pathos, Logos

CM N°1 HISTOIRE ANTIQUITE VENDREDI 13/09 14-16H HISTOIRE ROMAINE ROME , DE LA ROYAUTÉ A L’EMPIRE DE LA FONDATION À LA REPUBLIQUE , LES PREMIERS PVRS La cité= mot imp =une portion de ville ds antiquité=un territoire dont une partie au moins = ville ROME=(urbs) Rome devenu urbs= ville car a un moment Rome devenue extraordinaire = atteint 1 million hab ( il faut attendre 18 siècle pr qu’une ville ait autant d’hab=Londres) dimension urbaine de la cité 1million de romains = les habitants MAIS romains peuvent aussi être les citoyens = ceux membres de la cites = civitas On peut être romain et vivre partout ds l’Empire ( jusqu’à babylone , en fR …) = quand Mme citoyens de Rome car appartient a la cité cité aussi dimension juridique = la citoyenneté = en 212 apr J-C mise en place de la constitution antenine = octroi la citoyenneté romaine a ts les H libres = extension max de la cité AINSI. Ds antiquité = cité pas que dimension territoriale = aussi ensemble citoyens 3 GRANDES PRIODES HIST ROMAINE 753-509 = période ROYALE 509-44 ou 31 ou 27 = période RÉPUBLICAINE 44/31/27 = Période EMPIRE sur 1 millénaire = bcp de variation I)LA FONDATION ACTE POLITIQUE LE RÉCIT DE FONDATION TRANSMIS PAR LES ANCIENS -21 AVRIL 753 = fondation intellectuels a un moment ont réfléchis a qd s’est formes = ont écrit l’histoire des romains ( intellectuels = VIRGILE ET TITE LIVE) récit classique : Enee d’après Virgile fuit Guerre de Troie et parcours mer Méditerranée fond une ville = Lavignium ( d’après nom femmeLavignia celle qu’il épouse ) a un fils = Ascagne= fonde une cité = Albe la Longue pls descendants … Une fille = Rhéa Silvia fille du roi Numitor père est chassé du pvr son oncle fait d’elle prêtresse de Vesta ( censé reste vierge) mais violée par le Dieu Mars elle abandonne les 2 enfants jumeaux qu’elle a ds eau ( = Romulus et Remus ) s ‘échouent près de Rome ( existe pas encore ) louve les sauves ils recup le trône de leur grand père la trouvent pas assez grande s’entendent pr en refaire une querelle sur emplacement vont voir augures / Dieu Romulus dis qu’il a vu plus oiseaux = decident = lui roi et commence a construire muraille Remus se moue et passe la muraille et se fait tuer par Romulus = Hist raconté par les romains latin dit de se méfier condere = fonder mais aussi = cacher ainsi ds fondement de Rome = quelque chose de caché réflection / cherche autre part les historiens va voir les récits no autorisés ( autres auteurs) +30 récits ≠ sur fondation de Rome bcp de ≠ Denys d’HALYCARNASSE livre ANTIQUITÉ ROMAINES I) fait la liste des ≠ sur identité fondateur ( Enee , Ulysse, Des Albains …) sur date ( après guerre Troie directement , 15 générations après …) tres divergents car bcp de suppositions COMMENT faire en histoire :changer de source archéologie ( grec = archaios logos) = discours sur choses vieilles rai archéologie née 19e avc méthode scientifique ( avt archéologie=pillage) archeologie se base sur statigraphie=etude des couches MOT CLÉ = CONTEXTE seulement en mettan contexte = valeur / sens L’APPORT ARCHÉOLOGIQUE fonds de cabane découverts sur colline du Palatin fin 19e = montre présence H découverte céramiques qui illustrent vie de ces hab avait des gens pdt période fondation Rome = peut concorder avc hist mas il y avait présence de gens avant ( 10-18) en + de gens autour d’ici DE PLUS : fouilles de GIACOMO BONI début 20e s au nord du forum = découverte tombe du 10 ou 9 e s AAinsi Rome ne s’est pas fondé de rien car y avait déjà nécropole avt la fonda Mais a été cassse vers la date de la fonda ARCHÉOLOGIE dit :il se passe quelque chose pdt la période de fonda mais avant aussi synoecisme = regroupement de petites communautés humaines pr former une cité c phénomène de regroupement se passe déjà avec les fête du Septimontium 11/12e s rassemblement des 7collines+Subura font un sacrifice publique ( se sépare de quelque chose pr donner aux dieux ) fetecommemorait les tps anciens + pourrait faire réf aux 7 villages qui se seraient réunis ( pr former Rome ) question fondamentale :EST CE QUE ROME A ÉTÉ FONDÉE ? non peut être pas phénomène synoecisme = sur un tps long ainsi ce moment = jms existé = reconstruction du passé le fait que fondation Rome = en meme tps que effondrement de la république = interroge récits fondation Rome = charges d’anchronismes qu’il faut prendre en compte se montre par idée que des départ Rome domineras le monde projette le futur sur le passé avc idée de destin LA CONSTRUCTION DES SAVOIRS fama= réputation/hist orale en + intégration présence des dieux ds les récits fondateurs ds gènes des romains aurait des dieux ( mars= Romulus ) ( venus = Enee) ainsi bcp de ≠ en histoire ont dit qu’il faut prendre une posture de tres grande défense HYPERCRITISISME 1e auteur = Louis de BEAUFORTS « disssertation un l’incertitude des 5 premier siècles de l’histoire romaine » 1738 Dit qu’il faut TOUT effacer car pas cohérent = radical ETTORE PAIS reprend l’idée avec « storia di Roma « 1899 ex : dit qu’il y a jms eu de roi MAIS en meme temps : fouilles lapis niger découvert = colonne ou graver des termes en latin archaïque mots = recei = rex = roi date du 6 au 5e siècle = après fin période royale hypercriticisme = demonté par le réel conduit a la création de FIDÉISME (fides=la foi) = ceux qui croient aux mythes 1 incarnation du fidéisme = ANDREA CARANDINI = archéologue « le mythe est la realité et l’histoire n’est que sa métaphore » CARANDINI dis a trouvé trace du sillon originel( aurait été trace par Romulus le jour de la création Rome ) on croit le mythe mais lequel ? Car il y en a pleins Conclusion : prudence a adopté ds écriture de l’histoire de la période romaine royale II) LA ROYAUTÉ A ROME A)LA ROYAUTÉ ENTRE MYTHE ET HISTOIRE Les 7 rois de la tradition Rois latins et sabins ROMULUS ( 753-715) NUMA POMPILIUS ( 715-672) TULIUS HOSTILIUS ( 672-641) ANCUS MARTIUS (641-617) PUIS rois étrusque ( viennent de Toscane) LUCIUS TARQUINIUS( tarquin l’ancien ) (617-578) SERVIUS TULLIUS(578-534) TARQUIN LE SUPERBE (534-509) FIN de la ryauté car = 509 et = roi = TARQUIN LE SUPERBE = tyran Romains vêlent plus jms de roi après ça MAIS bcp aberrations ns font douter de la chronologie longueur des règnes = entre 38 et 44 ans hors a cette époque espérance de vie courte = sans dote y a eut bcp plu de rois mais certains ont été évacués Quel sens ? Pk se fixer a 7 rois ? 7 = calcul rationnel de 509 a 753 ( 7x35 = une génération a cette époque ) ou sont parti de la date 753 et ont calculé 7 autre courant de pensé : STRUCTURALISME ANNÉES 1950 George DUMÉZIL idee u’il y aurait une civilisation originelle = indoeuropéene si on analyse structure communes = preuve s’il y a une origine unique ( A REVOIR PAS COMPRIS ) élément qui marque la théorie la TRIPARTITION FONCTIONNELLE orga structurelle autour de 3 pôles fonctionnels = orga des soc Fonction SACERDOTALE (religieux) Fonction GUERRIÈRE Fonction PRODUCTRICE = ce serait un idéal fonctionnel certains rois de Rome ont incarnés ces fonctions ex ROMULUS= guerrière ex NUMA = Sacerdotale ex ARCUS= productrice B) L’ORGA DES PVRS roi = chef de guerre MAIS aurait été assisté du conseil des patres ( père) souvent chef et père des 7 tribus , familles « originelles » = 100 au conseil aide a prendre des décisions =une préfiguration du sénat (ex La Boulè a AThENES ET la Gerousia a SPARTE) ainsi roi en quelque sorte = arbitre pr que pas guerre entre familles monarchie = théoriquement modérée Le peuple aurait été divisé en 3 tribus ( TITIES, RAMNES ET LUCERES ) + en 10 groupes appelés curies ( = 30 curies ) militaire chaque tribus(3) 100 cavaliers + 1000 fantassins = fait de Rome une importante puissance militaire cela pet peut expliquer pk Rome survécu alors que était tt le tps en guerre combinaison tres forte entre les fonctions militaires et civique L’IDÉAL = citoyen soldat rafiné par l’avant dernier roi ( prépare a la période républicaine) responsabilité du roi = rétablir équilibre entre Hommes et Dieu rassemblement de grps de pretes permet réaliser rituels MAIS Rome bcp grandis tradition accueil étranger + politique volontaire d’accroissement = asile ( asylum) = espace pr obtenir la citoyenneté romaine commence des le règne de ROMULUS en + épisode du RAPT DES SABINES = Romulus a invité les sabins ( = voisins ) a célébré une fête = ont enlevés ttes les femmes ce rapt = politique agressive de Romulus pr accroître pop cela fait que bcp de nvx citoyens mais PPRBLM car faut les intégrer ds la soc conseil des patres = figé par l’ancienneté manque d’intégration = deviennent clients des patrons = chefs des conseils mais si chef trop de clients déséquilibre fonctionnement de la royauté ( chef va se croire trop imp ) = source de tensions roi SERVIUS veut casser la dynamique des chefs grnds pleins PVRS Tyrannie du dernier roi marque la fin royauté il écartait / minimisait les charges attribuées aux citoyens et au conseil … Pr avoir ts les PVRS B) DU VILLAGE À LA VILLE ASPECT URBAIN développement urbain excptionel du 8 au 6e s ( archéologie le prouve) structures imposantes cela manifeste une capacité royale , le pvr fort du roi a cette époque = se montre avec construction du pont SUBLICIUS DE PLUS pdt royautéé étrusque : action urbaine la plus imp ex drainage de la zone du forum car sans cesse inondée donc on mis des ÉNORMES ÉGOUTS « la Grande ROme des TARQUINS » = Rome sous royauté des étrusque creation des égouts = encore la depuis 2600 ans ex autre création énorme = TEMPLE À LA TRIADE CAPITOLINE 10x taille des autres temples montre enrichissement citée+ gran pvr royal ont construits la GRANDE MURAILLE SERVIENNE LA GRANDE ROME DE TARQUINS = par l’urbanisme CONCLUSION malgre difficultésmetho a savoir hist romaine. Réussis avec ≠ sources questionne la manière d’écrire ancienne et des anciens On a pu définir la cité de manière complète ds monde romain = communauté d’individus qui se recoco avc origine commune partage dieux , langue ; culture - territoire en partie urbain , ruraux et idéal Autarcique ( en autonomie ) - corps civique décompose d’individus bénéficiants de droits perso polique ais aussi de devoirs ( militaires et financiers ) - variabilité régimes politique de la cité de Rome : monarchie , oligarchie ploutocratie(sur la richesse), démocratie mais ça ne définit pas la cite a lui tt seul le régime politique fin 1ER COURS J

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