Brings about Change

Power Supply Units

elasticity of demand and supply

changing places

Comprehensive Study Notes on Extensive Properties, Chemical Properties, and Matter Changes

Chapitre 1 2. Platon Greek philosopher who believed the best society is ruled by wise and educated leaders (“philosopher-kings”). 3. Polis An independent Greek city-state with its own government and laws. 4. Aristote Greek philosopher who believed government should work for the common good and serve its citizens. 6. Aristocratie A government ruled by a small group of noble or privileged people. 7. Oligarchie A government controlled by a small group of powerful or wealthy people. 11. Bureaucratie A system where government decisions are carried out by officials and administrators. 12. Pouvoir exécutif The branch of government that enforces laws and runs the country day-to-day. 13. Parlement An elected group of representatives that makes laws. 14. Gouvernement autoritaire A government where one leader or small group holds most of the power and limits freedoms. 15. Pouvoir législatif The branch of government responsible for creating laws. 17. Pouvoir judiciaire The branch of government that interprets laws and operates the courts. 20. Nationalisme Strong pride in and loyalty to one’s nation, culture, and people. 21. Hobbes Believed people are naturally selfish and need a strong government to maintain order and security. 22. Locke Believed all people have natural rights (life, liberty, and property) that governments must protect. 23. Rousseau Believed political power comes from the people and governments should follow the “general will” of society. 25. Constitutionnalisme The principle that government power is limited by a constitution and laws. 26. Adam Smith Father of capitalism; believed free markets and competition create wealth and prosperity. 30. Marx Believed capitalism creates inequality because the rich control production; supported a classless society. 31. La bourgeoisie In Marxism, the wealthy class that owns businesses and the means of production. 37. Monarchie héréditaire A monarchy where power passes from one family member to another through inheritance. 38. Magna Carta A document signed in 1215 that limited the king’s power and established that everyone must follow the law. 40. Rapatrié The return of people, cultural objects, or remains to their country or homeland. 41. Représentation proportionnelle An electoral system where parties receive seats in proportion to the percentage of votes they earn. ⸻ Chapitre 1 (suite) 43. Coup d’État The sudden and often illegal removal of a government from power. 45. Totalitarisme A system where the government controls nearly every aspect of society, politics, and daily life. 48. Référendum A direct vote by citizens to accept or reject a law or political proposal. 49. Organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) An independent organization that works on social, humanitarian, or international issues without being controlled by a government. ⸻ Chapitre 2 1. Idéologie politique A set of beliefs and values about how government and society should function. 2. Libéralisme An ideology that values individual rights, freedom, democracy, and equality before the law. 3. Conservatisme An ideology that values tradition, stability, and gradual change rather than rapid reform. 4. Échiquier politique A spectrum used to compare political beliefs, usually from left to right. 5. Centriste A person whose political views are moderate and fall between the left and right. 7. Libertarianisme The belief that people should have maximum personal freedom and government should have very limited power. 11. Égalitariste A person who believes everyone should have equal rights, opportunities, and treatment. 12. Utilitarisme The idea that decisions should create the greatest happiness or benefit for the greatest number of people. 16. Syndicats Organizations that represent workers and protect their rights, wages, and working conditions. 17. Totalitarisme A political system where the state has complete control over society and citizens. 18. Anarchisme The belief that society can function without a government or centralized authority. 19. Communisme A system where property and resources are collectively owned and social classes no longer exist. 21. Socialisme An economic and political system where important industries are owned or controlled by society or the government to reduce inequality. 23. Syndicalisation The process of joining or creating a labour union. 24. Socialisme démocratique An ideology that supports democracy while using government policies to reduce economic inequality. 28. Adam Smith Believed economic freedom, competition, and free trade benefit society. 29. Capitalisme An economic system based on private ownership, profit, competition, and free markets. ⸻ Chapitre 2 (suite) 30. Mercantilisme The belief that a country becomes richer by controlling trade and exporting more than it imports. 31. Laisser-faire An economic idea that government should interfere as little as possible in the economy. 32. Fascisme An extreme authoritarian ideology that promotes nationalism, obedience to the state, and strong centralized power. 36. Libre-échange Trade between countries with few or no tariffs, taxes, or restrictions. 37. Privatisation The transfer of a government-owned business or service to private ownership. 41. Nationaliser To transfer a private company or industry into government ownership. 46. Féminisme A movement and ideology that seeks equal rights and opportunities for all genders. 47. Mouvement social A group of people working together to create social or political change. 51. Écologisme A movement and ideology focused on protecting the environment and promoting sustainability. 54. Justice sociale Chapitre 3 1. Désobéissance civile The peaceful and deliberate breaking of a law to protest something considered unjust. 2. Religion civile Shared beliefs, symbols, and values that unite a nation and create a sense of national identity. 3. Religion d’État A religion that is officially recognized and supported by a government. 4. Diaspora A group of people living outside their ancestral homeland while maintaining ties to their culture. 5. L’Holocauste The genocide of approximately six million Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II. 6. Djihad In Islam, a struggle or effort in the service of God; it can refer to a personal spiritual struggle or, in some cases, armed defense of the faith. 7. Théocratie A form of government where religious leaders rule and religious law guides the state. 8. Suffrage The right to vote in elections. 9. Siècle des Lumières An intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights. 10. La séparation de l’Église et de l’État The principle that government and religious institutions should remain independent from one another. 11. Dogme A principle or belief accepted as unquestionably true by a religion or ideology. 12. Fondamentalisme A movement that seeks a strict return to the original principles of a religion. 13. Démographie The study of populations, including their size, growth, and characteristics. 14. Sionisme A political movement supporting the creation and preservation of a Jewish homeland in Israel. The idea that society should be fair and provide equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources.

Topic Vocabulary: Change(Unit 4)

BA 02 - CIA REVIEW - BUSINESS ACUMEN - ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, CHANGE AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Task 3-B1: Develop and evaluate supply management relationships with internal departments

lecture 29 cranial blood supply

Prise en charge du traumatisé grave

Formal Charge Lecture Review

ionic charge

Ethics: The study of morality and the difference between right and wrong. Epistemology: The study and theory of knowledge. Metaphysics: The purpose of why things exist. What must be fulfilled? Why do we exist? Pre-Socrates: The very first thinkers in Western philosophy, active in ancient Greece during the 6th and 5th centuries BCE. They are called "Pre-Socratic" because they lived and wrote before Socrates. Thales: Water was the fundamental substance for all life. Anaximander: First to make a map Pythagoras: The father of mathematics Heraclitus: Fundamental substance was fire. He believed everything changes. Permenides: Believed everything did not change. Socrates Plato (Forms) Aristotle (The Observer) Came up with the cave theory. The Physical Realm: The world we see and touch. Everything here is temporary, constantly changing, and flawed. The Realm of Forms: An invisible, unchanging world where the perfect, ideal versions of everything exist. Women possess the same mental capacities as men and should be allowed to rule, he also consistently referred to women as the "weaker" sex. (The soul has no gender) Head/Reasoning: This is the seat of reason, logic, and intellect. It seeks the ultimate truth, makes calculated decisions, and distinguishes between what is real and what is an illusion. The Chest/Spirit: this is the seat of emotion, courage, pride, and willpower. It is the part of you that gets angry at injustice, drives you to overcome challenges, and seeks honor or social recognition. The Abdomen/Appetite: This is the seat of basic physical desires and instincts. It drives cravings for food, drink, sex, wealth, and material comforts. It is purely driven by pleasure and lacks any logical restraint. Hylomorphism (the theory that everything is a mix of matter and form). 1. Material cause, or the elements out of which an object is created; 2. Efficient cause, or the means by which it is created; 3. Formal cause, or the expression of what it is; 4. Final cause, or the end for which it is. He argued that knowledge must come from sensory experience and careful observation, not just pure meditation. Rationalism vs Empiricism (How do we know things) Rationalism (Plato) Empiricism The intellect, logic, and deductive reasoning. Rationalists believe humans are born with "innate ideas"—built-in concepts, truths, or structures inside the mind that we don't need to learn from the outside world (e.g., mathematical truths, the concept of God, or basic laws of logic). Empiricists argue that the ultimate source of all knowledge is sensory experience—what we can see, hear, touch, taste, and smell. They believe that if you cannot observe or measure something, you cannot truly know it. Logic for reasoning Deductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning starts with a general statement, theory, or universal rule and narrows it down to a specific conclusion. If your initial rules are true, your conclusion must be true.🔺 Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations or data points and broadens them out to form a general rule or theory. 🔻 Fallicies Ad Hominem: Attacking the opponent’s character, looks, or personality instead of their argument. Straw Man: Misrepresenting, exaggerating, or oversimplifying an opponent’s argument to make it easier to attack. Bandwagon Appeal (Ad Populum): Arguing that something must be true, right, or good simply because a large number of people believe it. Non Sequitur: (A statement that does not logically follow from what preceded it; a conclusion that does not follow from the premises.): “Person ‘A’ is incredibly athletic. Her siblings must be very athletic as well.” Appeal to tradition: If it's a tradition, then it must be true. Appeal to popularity: When someone argues that a claim must be true, right, or good simply because a large number of people believe it or do it. Groupthink is when a group of people makes really bad decisions because everyone cares more about fitting in and keeping the peace than finding the actual truth. Instead of thinking for themselves, people just go along with what the group leader or the majority says. Consequentialism says that an action is good if it brings about a good result. The action itself isn't good or bad; you have to wait and see how it turns out. "The ends justify the means." Non-Consequentialism (also called Deontology) says that some actions are just inherently right or wrong, no matter what the outcome is. You have a duty to follow moral rules. Carl Rogers defined a fully functioning person as someone who is completely in touch with their true desires and feelings, and is actively working to reach their full potential

TEAS 7 Science Practice Questions: Physical vs. Chemical Changes

lecture 29 cranial blood supply

11 Consequences of Climate Change (S.E.E.P.)

10 How Climate Change Affects Weather Patterns

9 Human Causes of Climate Change

MCAT P/S: Foundational Concept 7: Behavior & Behavior Change