Phylum Tardigrada - Water Bears

Exam 1 Concepts: Integumentary System: Know the importance of pressure injury prevention strategies i.e.. Q2 turns (pressure redistribution), moisture barrier cream (reduce moisture), pillows under bony prominences (limits friction/shearing), smooth and wrinkle-free linen (reduce bed irritation), adequate protein intake (improve wound healing) Normal skin findings vs abnormal findings Importance of each skin layer: epidermis (melanin, keratin), dermis (glands, vessels, nerves), hypodermis (fat, anchors skin) How to assess for early signs of pressure injury: redness, blanching, moist vs dry ​Dark skin tones: use palpation to detect tissue consistency Early signs of pressure injury: Q2 turns/repositioning= priority, never massage area, apply heat, or use alcohol Increase protein intake to help wound healing Musculoskeletal System: ROM: active vs passive. Always compare both sides of body for accurate assessment Body mechanics when transferring a patient: bend at knees, not waist, use leg muscles, avoid twisting, stand on patient’s stronger side to optimize support Cane=one point of contact for unilateral weakness; standard walker= four points of contact for bilateral weakness; crutches= three points of contact for non-weight bearing injury (crutches should be 6 inches from sides of feet to ensure stability and prevent tripping) Post-op joint replacement: cold therapy reduces swelling How to prevent contractures (splints, ROM) Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis: encourage ROM after pain medication given, use assistive devices as needed to protect joints, apply warm compress before activity to reduce pain/stiffness, take breaks to conserve energy, perform low impact exercises to maintain mobility and strength, quit smoking Function of bone marrow Neurologic System: Correct sequence of a nerve impulse: action potential moves down axon terminal → neurotransmitter released → neurotransmitter binds to receptor → Sodium and potassium ions move to generate new action potential Cranial nerves: CN III = oculomotor, CN VII = facial, CN IX = glossopharyngeal, CNXII = hypoglossal (know what these 4 cranial nerves control) Cerebellum = coordination. Tested with finger-to-nose test Aphasia = difficulty communicating (receptive or expressive). Provide calm, slow speaking/direction, allow extra time, face patient directly, do not rush, do not ask multiple questions at once, do not talk over them Dysphagia = difficulty swallowing. High risk of aspiration. Stop oral intake and notify provider. If able, proceed with thickened liquids, sit patient up 90 degrees, observe for further signs of choking, monitor weight/hydration/nutrition Autonomic nervous system= involuntary (automatic) functions like digestion and heart rate Stroke prevention: adequate blood pressure control = priority Eye/Ear: Eye structures: cornea-bends light; lens-focuses light; retina-photoreceptors; iris-controls light entry PERRLA = pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation Outer ear = pinna, canal; middle ear = ossicles, ET, tympanic membrane, amplifies sound, equalizes pressure, transmits sound; inner ear = cochlea, vestibular apparatus, converts sound to electrical nerve impulse Tympanic membrane: normal = pearly gray, shiny, translucent, visible cone of light Respiratory System: Abnormal lung sounds: Wheezes =high-pitched, often associated with asthma. Crackles = rattling sound, fluid in alveoli/bronchioles, common in pneumonia and heart failure. Ronchi = low pitched, snoring, caused by airway obstruction, common in COPD. Stridor = high pitched sound in the larynx or trachea, medical emergency, common in foreign body obstruction or anaphylaxis Diaphragm = breathing muscle Alveoli = gas exchange Pleura = serous membrane surrounding lungs and chest cavity; reduces friction, allows smooth expansion and contraction of lungs Incentive spirometry: smoking can affect results Chest Xray: patient should inhale fully and hold breath for best view Pulmonary function test (PFTs): avoid caffeine before test Bronchoscopy: post-op encourage coughing and deep breathing exercises Laryngoscopy: NPO for 8 hours prior ETCO2, capnography monitoring = measurement of CO2 being expired. Gas Exchange: Normal pH= 7.35-7.45; < 7.35 = acidosis, > 7.45 = alkalosis Normal CO2= 35-45; <35 = alkalosis, > 45 = acidosis Normal HCO3= 22-26; <22 = acidosis, >26= alkalosis CO2 = respiratory HCO3 = metabolic Dosage Calculation/Miscellaneous: Nursing process: always assess first before intervention There are 5 mL in 1 teaspoon There are 2.2 lbs per kg. ​Pounds to kilograms: divide by 2.2 ​Kilograms to pounds: multiply by 2.2 Know how to read a 24 hour clock (military time…ex. 2000 hours is 8pm) Fahrenheit to Celsius formula: F = (C x 9/5) + 32…….(9/5 = 1.8 in decimal form) ​Example: convert 38.3 C to F ​F = (38.3 x 9/5) + 32 OR (38.3 x 1.8) + 32 ​F = (68.94) + 32 ​F = 100.94 (round to nearest tenth—100

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TỦ COLLOCATIONS: DRAW - CATCH - MEET - BEAR - LOSE

Vocabulary blackmail=chantage ditch= abandonner/ nom fossé iffy=douteux incertain mischievous espiègle croquette cuivre =copper stérilet =IUD pristine =immaculé crow's feet =pattes d'oie vanguard =avant garde conduct= conduite mener steadfast=inebranlable grim=sombre sinistre dread= redouter effroi loath = répugne loathsome= repugnant/detesable/odieux befitting = digne lenient=indulgent clement oursin= sea urchin /ursine (tch) pimp= proxénète watering can =arrosoir bulletproof vest = gilet pare-balle frolicking= gambadant urinary infection = uti/infection urinaire blandness= fadeur insipidité spool= bobine afore=avnt ogle= reluquer/mater skidded= dérapé/ glisser slack= mou lache slope=pent /versant irk= irriter agacer extol= exalter prôner jabber= jacasser tidal wave = ras demaree tsunami deadlock=stalemate can opener = ouvre boite mire= boue automaton= automate selflessness=altruisme ringlets= boucles anglaises snuggle =se blottir caye=île îlot dodgy=douteux mane=criniere une louche= a ladle loucher=squint disembled = faire semblant baffled= stupéfait funnel= entonnoir clog/unclog= bouche débouche bulky = encombrant, imposant to beam= diffusee:a line of light that shines from a brightobject: disruptive = perturbateur spades= piques jacks(card)= valets aces= as clubs= trèfles diamonds= carreaux brash adj= effronté, impétueux to wail= pleurnicher, gemir enhanced = rehaussé, augmenter an oar =une rame to mow= tondre to row= ramer a nightstand = table de nuit to gloat= se vanter, jubiler cuckhold= cocu daunting = intimidant tattle= rapporter, denoncer stiffen (up)= se raidir, rigide the slops= les pistes filthy=sale crasseux bliss= bonheur, felicité hence = donc/par consequent ivy= lierre a gauze= une compresse snot= morve dew= rosée coax= amadouer convaincre ripples= ondulations adamant assets=biens/ capital to go berserk= devenir fou furieux shiner folksy= folklorique swoon wince=grimace cave=grotte wobble smug bosom threshold= entree pas de la porte gallow stern token escale stop over liquider voc cheva =sell ect renes got fed up= en avoir marre splurged doused = arrose asperge blithe insouciant squashed écrase crouching accroupi swaying balancement licence = bachelor degree propriétaire d'appartement crinière toboggan hive= ruche dam= barrage glider= planeur tame= apprivoiser step-ladder= escabeau ladder= echelle whiskers= moustache (de chat) willow=saule, osier to slaughter= massacrer ablaze= embrasé to be doomed= être condamné destiny= doom hoax= canular handcuff= menottes raven= corbeau bail on= laisser tomber lean on= s'appuyer sur/ compter sur pull over= s'arrêter/ se garer suspicion=soupçon shawty= belle fille calleux= calloused clearing= clairière a track= une piste, une voie intruder= un intrus coudre= sew tricoter= knit unhinged = déséquilibré / dérangé unfortunate= malheureux/ regrettable asset= atout kick in = faire effet tire= pneu shovel= pelle wrap up=conclure/terminer leek= poireau rewind= rembobiner the seam= veine de mine appealing= attrayant/attirant/séduisant slender= mince catch up= rattraper/rejoindre/discuter kidney= rein pine cone= pomme de pin a stain=une tache cauliflower= chou fleur cabbage= chou a rope= une corde a monk= un moine shield= bouclier a pattern= un motif the lark= l'alouette a barn= une grange a homestead= une propriété to hoist= hisser a pebble= un galet,petit caillou moisten= humidifier dash off= detaller, filer the flu= la grippe to sneeze= éternuer dizzy= avoir la tete qui tourne moldy= moisi zucchini = courgette eggplant= aubergine traffic jam= embouteillage staircase= escalier feather= plume 🪶 a strap= sangle, bretelles to budge= céder, changer d'avis assert= affirmer the nerve= le culot fence= barrière cloture peeve= bete noire pastry= patisserie pastry chef/cook= pâtissier water lilies = nénuphar mesmerize= hypnotiser/ envouter slightly= légèrement recollection=memory an awaiting= une attente to hop=sauter, monter fetch=récupérer, aller chercher hatred= haine displease smug= prétentieux to brag= se venter spokesperson= porte parole oat= avoine cunning= astucieux, rusé sly= sournois odd number= impair even number= paire crutches= bequilles come out of the blue= sort de nulle part vulture= vautour crumb= miettes steam=vapeur lice= poux beat up:battre frapper band-aid : pansement a gag= un baillon clay= argile a saw= une scie doormat= paillasson bridesmaid= demoiselle d'honneur corkscrew= tire bouchon dodge= esquiver diamond= losange the fee= les frais enroll= s'inscrire dimple= fossette mellow= moelleux frame= cadre strike= grève flawless= impeccable casket= coffin slur= insulte greed= cupidity rug= tapis without further ado= sans plus attendre earmuffs= caches oreilles beanie= bonnet tripod= trépieds watercolor=aquarelle mat flaw=défaut drench= tremper smother= étouffer, asphyxier to bask= se prélasser assignment= devoir/tache/mission start from scratch= partie de rien oatmeal= flocons d'avoine shuffle= melanger (des cartes) choke up= gorge nouée lust= luxure shatter= brisé slumber= sommeil chummy= copain-copain bankruptcy= faillite bankrupt= en faillite/ ruinée railroad= chemin de fer inquieries= enquetes, investigations, questions the sod= la tourbe grasshopper= sauterelle sleigh= traineau tonsils= amygdales surly= hargneux harvest = récolte yearn= désirer a tramp= un clochard dowry= dot lowkey= discret(kinda)≠highkey seldom=rarement puzzled= perplexe feat= exploit tough-looking= costaud neglect= négligence/ négliger a channel= un détroit crosswalk= passage piéton matted= emmêlés a sore= une plaie scavenger= charognard a fan= ventilateur short-tempered= colérique embroider= broder dump= une décharge heap=tas leaflet= brochure tract flyer dusk=crepuscule boast= brag blow up=exploser premises= locaux feud= querelle creed= croyance whip= fouetter shrine = sanctuaire oak=chêne oath=serment blood test, blood sample = prise de sang wrought = forgé overthrow=renverser to flash= clignoter a turn signal = un clignotant ghastly = épouvantable horrible affreux sweatpants= joggers hankerchief= mouchoir dreadful= terrible épouvantable atonement= expiation, redemption popy= coquelicot turtleneck = col roulé safety pins= épingles à nourrice soak= imbiber, faire tremper floss= fil dentaire scum= ecume, racaille, ordure make-believe= imaginaire mousy= timide, terne bouds-> boundaries= barrières, frontières dumplings adamant a fuss brat punk weary thread gasp midget(offensive)= dwarf escapism = evasion forlorn = desespéré, abandonné, triste binoculars= jumellles amphitheater, lecture theater =amphi midwife=sage femme neckline= décolleté low-neck t-shirt= un t-shirt décolleté prise= a plug interrupteur = a switch robinet = a tap ardoise= slat s'adoucir=to soften crainte= awe apprehension= trepidation fearfulness =peur crainte meticulously sacoche = satchel cavalier = a horse rider gaze glare look etc une ouverture = an opening, an aperture stetoscope = stetoscope rapière= rapier forsake= abandonner makeover = relooking keep it up= maintenir, continuer (comme ça) a ray= une raie repasser = ironing fer à repasser= iron cloths ironing board= planche à repasser flashlight= lampe torche stroller= poussette can you give me a lift= can you give me a ride agrafeuse= stapler trombone(music) = trombone trombone= paper clip cardboard = carton backbeat= contretemps winding= enroulement, sinueux, tortueux bouillotte= heating pad sopalin = paper towel braindead= abrutis, demeuré gant de toilette= washcloth lave vaisselle= dishwasher machine à laver= washing machine loofah = fleur de douche smirk= sourire en coin, narquois a grin= un large sourire a wry smile=sourire ironique a beam smile= un sourire rayonnant torchon = a rag turd= 💩 riddle= énigme, devinette bonds=lien ≠ bounds= limites prowess= prouesse ordeal= épreuve, calvaire undergo= subir, être soumis edgy= nerveux, avant-gardiste audacieux footage= séquence, image, video roll your eyes prison cell= cellule crever qqchose= poke something hasard = chance poke an eye out= crever un oeil slip knot= noeud coulant valuable = précieux, objet précieux coton swab= coton-tige heater,radiator = radiateur boiler= chaudière glimpse= apperçu mainstream= grand public rois mage= three wise men paille = straw hay= foin creche = Christmas crib la messe = mass appetizer= apéritif USB key( or flash) clé usb lame= nul inn= auberge the laundry= la lessive laundry detergent = lessive test tube= tube à essai fur= fourrure shingles=herpes= herpès tiles= carrelage tile roof/shingle= tuiles pipes= pipes/tuyaux wellness= bien être palate= palais(bouche) wisdom teeth= dents de sagesse to be set appart calvitie= hair loss machine gun saucer = soucoupe enable drain to file= limer bump= une bosse strips= rayures scratches = rayures griffes= claw howl= hurler to rear= se cabrer to bolt= se ruer abhorred= abhorré, détester bespeak= temoigner de anguish= angoisse unearthly= unnatural uncanny = étrange, troublant begone= va t en scarcely = a peine, rarement to sport= wear (proudly) annihilation= anéantissement spurn= rejeter misdeed= méfait fiend= demon bliss= bonheur, beatitude bestowed= accorder, donner, conférer maw= gueule animal deck= pont terrasse= terrace ordonnance= prescription raccrocher= hang up≠ pick up= décroché fuguer = run away warehouse= entrepôt talon= heel 🤦‍♀️ foie=liver baver, bave= drool run off= ruissellement, fuite cleavage= décolleté public transport figurine= figurine tie (up)= attach flow= ecouler/ment,flux hem= ourlet shackles lumberjack= bucheron salopette = overall to mend= raccommoder, réparer grated(to grate)=râpés, râper a grater= une râpe heckling= chahut, interpellation a mop= une serpillière out of whack= détraqué, hors de contrôle, chamboulé=doesnt work normally wracked= ravagé, déchiré to follow suit= faire de même, emboiter le pas take over= prendre le contrôle gear= engrenage ⚙️ boiler = chaudière foolhardy= téméraire meddlesome= indiscrète shimmer= scintiller, briller glimmer= lueur, étincelle trout= truite le hoquet= hiccups groundhog= marmot= marmotte a mole= une taupe squeaky= grinçant squeaky clean= irreproachable, blanc comme neige, clean turmoil flip-flops= claquettes tongs 🩴 calf= mollet/ veau harvest= recolter collect sort out= trier play pretend= jouer a faire semblant cumbersome= bulky = encombrant païens= pagans ferrets= furets drowsy load upload flashy platypus =ornithorynque egerie first off= firstly loathsome stick out your tongue = tirer la langue 😛 butchery= boucherie pharmacy chemist chimiste bookstore= librairie red trail = piste rouge stoop= se baisser/ perron restraint= restriction/ contrainte vb= restrain windowpane= vitre/ carreau pane= vitre windpipe = trachea (trekia) huffing= souffler/ sniffer/ raler spew= cracher, degueler graft= greffe/er slot= fente spill the beans = cracher le morceau snog= rouler une pelle courbatures= muscle soreness écœurant= cloying cul sec= bottoms up/ down in one cul de sac= dead end receipt= reçu/ facture short attention span = faible capacité d'attention wreckage= epave/ debris gut= intestin boyaux bladder=vessie plump= repulpant, charnu dodu yawn 🥱 pue= pus cloques = blisters cataplasme= cataplasm to gag= relent, reflexe vomitif plaster= le plâtre cast= un platre (jambe cassée ) tampon/ner = stamp (to stamp) timbre= stamp sauvegarder = save, safeguard, back up etre pressé= be in a rush/hurry lianes = liana sangsues = leeches litchi= lychee deed= acte (ex de propriété) chocolate milk= chocolat au lait off my face insure un coffre caveman = homme de cromagnon too little to late salt shaker tap dance = claquette subtle (sutle) a demonstration= manif sole=semelle attic= grenier l taky= ringard, vulgaire a peak= un coup d'oeil whacked = frappe ou épuisé deeds=actes blast=explosion

Exit Pursued by a Bear Lines