Results for "beat"

control of heart beat

heart beat and heart sounds

Much Ado About Nothing - Beatrice Lines

The Beatitutes

beatitudes

Hemodynamics Blood flow directly affects the stroke volume. Anything that affects blood flow, like resistance, affects stroke volume. Predict what would happen to stroke volume and blood flow if there was an increase in resistance. -> CO = HR x SV • CO = HR × SV • Resistance affects blood flow → affects SV If resistance increases: • It’s harder for blood to flow forward. • The heart must work harder to push the same amount of blood out. 👉 Prediction: • Stroke Volume ↓ (decreases) • Blood Flow ↓ (decreases) 2 | Recall from Activity 1 we used the equation for flow, F = (PA - Pv)/R, where F = Flow; PA = Arteriole Pressure, Pv = Venous Pressure, and R = Resistance. We can simplify the (PA - Pv) to change in pressure (AP). Therefore, we can solve for AP = F x R (Change in Pressure = Flow x Resistance). We can develop a mathematical equation substituting cardiac output for flow to get AP = HR x SV × R which means heart rate, stroke volume, and resistance all have an impact on the blood pressure in the body. To maintain a normal blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, and resistance can be altered. Predict what would happen to blood pressure if resistance was increased due to vasoconstriction of the arterioles. Flow equation: F = (PA - Pv)/R • Or rearranged: ∆P = F × R • CO = HR × SV, so ∆P = (HR × SV) × R 👉 Prediction: • If resistance increases due to vasoconstriction, then blood pressure ↑ (increases). 💡 Because narrowing arterioles make it harder for blood to flow, raising the pressure inside the vessels. 3 Afterload is the amount of resistance the left ventricle must overcome to force open the aortic semilunar valve, ejecting the blood into the ascending aorta. The greater the afterload, the harder it is to open the aortic semilunar valve, and less blood is ejected into the ascending aorta. Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected into the ascending aorta during left ventricular systole. Stroke volume can be calculated by subtracting the End Systolic Volume (ESV) from the End Diastolic Volume (EDV). SV - EDV - ESV. EDY is the amount of blood in the ventrice when the ventricle is 100% filled. ESV is the amount of blood let in the ventrice after systole (contraction) ends. The greater the afterload, the larger the BSV. Resistance is generated from the body's arterioles pushing blood back towards the heart and is called peripheral vascular resistance. When there is an increase in peripheral vascular resistance, afterload is increased. a | Predict what would happen to the ESV If peripheral vascular resistance was increased. If peripheral vascular resistance increases: • Afterload (the pressure the left ventricle must overcome) increases. • The ventricle can’t eject as much blood. 👉 ESV ↑ (increases) — more blood stays in the ventricle after contraction. b | Predict what would happen to cardiac output if the ESV amount was increased. If ESV increases: • Stroke volume = EDV - ESV → less blood ejected per beat. • Therefore, stroke volume ↓, so cardiac output ↓. 💡 Because the heart is pumping against greater pressure, it empties less efficiently. 4 | Coronary artery disease is a form of atherosclerosis, where plaques form in the coronary arteries of the heart. This causes a decrease in the radius of the arteries due to the accumulation of plaque within the lumen of the arteries. Recall the right and left coronary arteries come off the ascending aorta, just above the aortic semilunar valve. a | Predict what will happen to the resistance in the coronary vessels that contain plaques. Resistance in coronary vessels: • Plaque narrows the lumen → resistance ↑ (increases). b | What will happen to the resistance on the aortic semilunar valve? How will this impact afterload? Explain. Resistance on the aortic semilunar valve & afterload: • The narrowing in coronary arteries doesn’t directly affect the valve, but overall, the heart faces increased resistance to blood flow leaving the aorta, so afterload ↑ (increases). c | How will this impact the ability of the heart to contract (with greater or less force)? Impact on heart contraction: • With increased afterload, the heart must contract with greater force to eject blood. • Over time, this strains the heart and can lead to weaker contractions and heart failure if untreated. 5| Calcium channel blockers like verapamil are used to help the smooth muscle of the arteries relax and is often a treatment for coronary artery disease. Explain how verapamil will affect resistance in the coronary arteries. How will this affect blood pressure in the body as a whole? How will this impact the ability of the heart to contract (with greater or less force)? What verapamil does: • Relaxes smooth muscle in arterial walls → vasodilation (arteries widen). Effects: • Resistance ↓ (decreases) in coronary arteries. • Blood pressure ↓ throughout the body (less vascular resistance). • The heart doesn’t have to work as hard → afterload ↓ → contracts with less force, but more efficiently. 💡 It eases the workload on the heart by widening the arteries and lowering overall pressure

Biblical Beatitudes: Teachings from Matthew 5:3-10

8 Beatitudes

The Beatitudes

these topics one by one: 1. Conception: This is when a sperm cell successfully fertilizes an egg cell, creating a zygote. The sperm's nucleus fuses with the egg's nucleus, combining their genetic material to form a complete set of chromosomes. 2. Longitudinal Study: This is a research method where data is gathered for the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time. It can extend over years or even decades. For example, researchers might study a group of children from age 5 to age 25 to track their development. 3. Prenatal Development: This is divided into three phases: * Germinal Stage: This is the first 2 weeks after conception. The zygote divides and implants in the uterine wall. * Embryonic Stage: This is from weeks 3 to 8. Major organs and body systems begin to form. The heart starts beating, and arms, legs, and facial features develop. * Fetal Stage: This is from week 9 until birth. The fetus grows in size and its organs mature. By the end of this stage, the fetus is capable of surviving outside the womb. 4. Teratogens and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: * Teratogens: These are substances or agents that can cause birth defects. Examples include alcohol, drugs, certain medications, and environmental toxins. * Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): This is a condition caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. It can result in physical, cognitive, and behavioral problems in the child. 5. Infant Development: * Infant Brain Development: The brain grows rapidly during infancy. Synaptic connections form at an astonishing rate, allowing for learning and development. * Face Preference Study: Studies show that infants prefer looking at faces from birth. This preference helps them learn to recognize caregivers and understand social cues. * Newborn Behaviors: Newborns have reflexes like sucking, grasping, and rooting. They spend much of their time sleeping and eating. 6. Baby's Motor Skills: * Typical Motor Skill Development: Babies develop motor skills in a predictable sequence. They first learn to lift their heads, then roll over, sit up, crawl, and eventually walk. * Walking in the U.S.: Most babies in the U.S. begin walking between 9 and 15 months of age. 7. Adolescence: * Brain Development: The brain continues to develop during adolescence, particularly the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control. * Social Development: Adolescents explore their identity and form relationships with peers. They may experience increased independence and conflict with parents. * Physical Development: Adolescence is marked by puberty, which includes the development of secondary sexual characteristics and rapid growth spurts

Terms Affecting the Tempo and Time-Beating

Beat the Boards

Beatitudes giving me attitude

2.6 Intervista con Elena, Beatrice e Mattia: L'università di Bologna

beatitudes

The Revolution in Birth Control and the Rise of the Beats

Kamikaze - Beatrice Garland

The Beatitudes

History of the Beatles

Plagues & Pandemics - Beatty