Chapter 10: Waves

Chapter 10: Waves

PART 1: What Is a Wave Model? 1. A wave is a pattern that ________________________ over and over again. 2. Waves are used to ________________________ real-world phenomena like sound and water waves. 3. A wave moves through a ________________________, which is the material the wave travels through. PART 2: Parts of a Wave 4. The resting position is the place where the wave would be if it were not moving. 5. The crest is the ________________________ point of a wave. 6. The trough is the ________________________ point of a wave. PART 3: Important Wave Characteristics 7. Frequency is how many times a wave ________________________ in a certain amount of time. 8. Frequency is often measured in ________________________ (waves per second). 9. For sound waves, frequency affects ________________________. 10. Amplitude is the maximum distance the wave moves from the ________________________ position. 11. A wave with a larger amplitude has ________________________ energy. 12. For sound waves, amplitude affects ________________________. 13. Wavelength is the ________________________ between repeating parts of a wave. 14. An example of wavelength is the distance from one ________________________ to the next. PART 4: Mathematical Modeling of Waves 15. Scientists use ________________________ models to connect wave characteristics to physical observations. 16. Frequency corresponds to sound ________________________. 17. Amplitude corresponds to sound ________________________. PART 5: Energy and Waves 18. Waves carry ________________________ energy, which is the energy of motion. 19. The energy of a wave depends on its ________________________ and ________________________. 20. Wave energy is proportional to the ________________________ of the amplitude. 21. If the amplitude doubles, the energy becomes ________________________ times greater. 22. The amount of energy transferred by waves in a given time is proportional to ________________________. 23. If twice as many waves pass in the same time, ________________________ as much energy is transferred. PART 6: Predicting Changes in Waves 24. If the amplitude increases, the energy of the wave will ________________________. 25. If the frequency increases, the amount of energy transferred will ________________________.

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🌊 Waves Have Common Properties Even though waves can be different, all waves share four main properties: Amplitude Wavelength Frequency Speed 1. Amplitude Amplitude describes how far the medium moves from the rest position. It is the maximum distance the medium vibrates from rest. Waves with more energy have a greater amplitude. Transverse Waves Amplitude is measured from the rest position to the crest or trough. Longitudinal Waves Amplitude is shown by how compressed or spread out the particles are. Tighter compressions = larger amplitude 👉 Higher amplitude = more energy 2. Wavelength Wavelength is the distance between repeating parts of a wave. Examples Transverse wave: distance from crest to crest Longitudinal wave: distance from compression to compression 👉 Wavelength is measured in meters (m). 3. Frequency Frequency is how many waves pass a point in a certain amount of time. It is measured in hertz (Hz). 1 Hz = 1 wave per second Examples 1 wave per second = 1 Hz 2 waves per second = 2 Hz 👉 Moving the source faster increases frequency. 4. Speed Speed is how fast a wave travels. Speed depends on the medium the wave travels through. Formula for Speed Speed = Distance Time Speed= Time Distance ​ Example Sound travels about 330 m/s in air at normal temperatures. 👉 If the medium and temperature stay the same, wave speed stays the same. 🔗 How Are Frequency, Wavelength, and Speed Related? The three properties are connected by this formula: Speed = Wavelength × Frequency Speed = Wavelength × Frequency If you know two, you can find the third. When speed stays the same: Higher frequency → shorter wavelength Lower frequency → longer wavelength

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