Science SOL 5.9, 5.2, and 5.7 Review: Energy and Matter

Comprehensive practice questions covering energy resources, energy transformations, and the properties of matter based on Science SOL transcripts.

According to Science SOL 5.9, what is the central idea regarding energy sources?

Some resources are considered renewable and others are not, energy cannot be created or destroyed, and the availability of certain sources differs.

Where does most of the energy used in the United States come from?

Non-renewable sources.

Why are nonrenewable energy sources impossible to replace quickly after use?

Because they take millions of years to form.

What are three examples of fossil fuels?

Oil, coal, and natural gas.

What are three examples of renewable energy sources?

Wind energy, water behind dams, and sunlight.

What are some harmful consequences of energy use on the environment?

Air and water pollution as well as wildlife and habitat loss.

What are three actions that can be taken in the home to conserve energy?

Turning off lights and electronic devices, taking shorter hot showers, and adjusting the thermostat (higher in summer, lower in winter).

How is 'energy' defined in Science SOL 5.2?

The ability to cause change or do work.

In a scientific context, what does the term 'work' mean?

Work means when a force acts upon an object, it causes that object to move in the direction of the force.

What are the five forms of energy listed in the notes?

Thermal, radiant, sound, mechanical, and electrical.

What transformation occurs when a stove is turned on?

Electrical energy transforms into thermal energy.

How is 'mechanical energy' defined?

Energy of motion & position.

What is the result of a 'radiant' to 'electrical' energy transformation according to the chart?

A solar panel.

What transformation takes place in a tea kettle whistling?

Thermal to sound energy.

What is the definition of 'matter'?

Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume).

What is 'mass'?

The amount of matter in an object.

What is a 'mixture'?

A combination of two or more substances where each item keeps its identifying characteristics and the same properties.

What is a 'solution'?

A special type of mixture in which one substance is dissolved completely in a liquid.

According to the notes, what are the three phases of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What happens to the mass of matter during a phase change?

Matter does not gain or lose mass during phase changes.

If ice has a mass of $250\,g$, what is its mass after it changes to water vapor?

$250\,g$.

What are the particles called that all matter can be divided into?

Atoms.