Obedience

Obedience

Obedience and Conformity

Obedience Int Dog Bowl

Chapter 10: Stress, Health, and Coping Stress vs. Stressor * Stressor: Anything that causes stress (an event, situation, or demand). * Example: Exams, losing a job, relationship problems. * Stress: The body’s response to a stressor. * Example: Feeling anxious, increased heart rate. Types of Stressors 1. Catastrophe * Large, unpredictable events affecting many people. * Example: Natural disasters, wars. 2. Significant Life Changes * Major events that require adjustment. * Example: Divorce, moving, starting college. 3. Daily Stressors * Small everyday problems. * Example: Traffic, homework, arguments. Sympathetic Nervous System & Fight-or-Flight * Activates during stressful situations. * Prepares the body to react. * Causes: * Increased heart rate * Faster breathing * More energy released General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) A three-stage response to stress: 1. Alarm: Body reacts to stress. 2. Resistance: Body tries to adapt and continue functioning. 3. Exhaustion: Long-term stress drains resources. Type A vs. Type B Personality Type A: * Competitive * Impatient * Time-urgent * More stress-prone Type B: * Relaxed * Patient * Less stressed Immune System & Stress * Long-term stress weakens the immune system. * Makes the body more vulnerable to illness. Locus of Control Internal locus of control: * Belief that you control your outcomes. External locus of control: * Belief that outside forces control outcomes (luck, fate). Managing Stress * Aerobic exercise * Meditation * Relaxation techniques * Spending time with pets * Social support * Healthy sleep habits ⸻ Chapter 11: Social Psychology Fundamental Attribution Error * Tendency to explain others’ behavior by personality instead of situations. * Example: “He’s lazy” instead of considering he may be exhausted. Attitudes * Feelings and beliefs that influence behavior. * Made of: * Thoughts * Feelings * Actions Cognitive Dissonance * Mental discomfort from having conflicting beliefs or behaviors. * Example: Knowing smoking is unhealthy but continuing to smoke. Social Contagion * Spread of behaviors, emotions, or ideas through groups. * Example: Panic spreading through a crowd. Classic Studies Asch’s Line Study * Showed people may conform to a group even when the group is wrong. Milgram’s Obedience Study * Showed people may obey authority figures even when uncomfortable. Social Facilitation vs. Social Loafing Social Facilitation: * Performance improves when others are watching. Social Loafing: * People put in less effort when working in groups. Deindividuation * Losing self-awareness and responsibility in a group. * Example: Crowds acting differently than individuals. Ingoups vs. Outgroups Ingroup: * Group you belong to. Outgroup: * Group you see as different. Can lead to: * Bias * Stereotypes * Prejudice Passionate vs. Companionate Love Passionate Love: * Intense attraction and excitement. Companionate Love: * Deep affection, trust, and commitment. Altruism & Bystander Effect Altruism: * Helping others without expecting a reward. Bystander Effect: * People are less likely to help when others are present. ⸻ Chapter 12: Personality Personality * Patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make someone unique. Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud) Id * Wants immediate pleasure. * “I want it now.” Ego * Reality-based decision maker. * Balances id and superego. Superego * Morals and rules. Defense Mechanisms Ways the mind protects itself from anxiety. Examples: * Denial: Refusing to accept reality. * Projection: Blaming feelings on others. * Rationalization: Creating excuses. Humanistic Theory * Focuses on personal growth and reaching full potential. * Carl Rogers developed Person-Centered Therapy. Trait Theory (Big Five) Five major personality traits: OCEAN * Openness * Conscientiousness * Extraversion * Agreeableness * Neuroticism Spotlight Effect vs. Narcissism Spotlight Effect: * Believing others notice you more than they actually do. Narcissism: * Excessive self-focus and feeling superior. Kruger-Dunning Effect * People with low ability may overestimate their skills. Individualistic vs. Collectivistic Cultures Individualistic: * Focus on independence and personal goals. Collectivistic: * Focus on family, groups, and cooperation. ⸻ Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorder * A pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that causes distress or problems functioning. Anxiety Disorders * Excessive fear or worry. Examples: * Generalized anxiety disorder * Panic disorder * Phobias OCD * Obsessions (unwanted thoughts) * Compulsions (repetitive behaviors) PTSD * Stress disorder after experiencing or witnessing trauma. Substance Use Disorder * Difficulty controlling substance use despite negative effects. Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms include: * Persistent sadness * Loss of interest * Changes in sleep or energy Bipolar Disorder * Episodes of depression and mania. * Mania involves unusually high energy, mood, or activity. Suicidal Ideation * Thoughts about suicide. (Important: any concerns about safety should be taken seriously and support should be reached out to.) Schizophrenia * Disorder involving: * Hallucinations * Delusions * Disorganized thinking Personality Disorders Antisocial PD * Disregard for others’ rights and social rules. Narcissistic PD * Extreme need for admiration and lack of empathy. Borderline PD * Difficulty with emotions, relationships, and sense of self. ⸻ Chapter 14: Treatment Psychotherapy * Treatment using psychological methods to improve mental health. Types of Psychotherapy Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic * Focuses on unconscious conflicts and past experiences. Client-Centered/Humanistic * Focuses on acceptance, growth, and self-understanding. Behavioral Therapy * Changes behaviors through learning principles. Cognitive Therapy * Changes unhealthy thought patterns. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) * Combines changing thoughts and behaviors. Family Therapy * Works with family relationships. Group Therapy * Therapy with multiple people. Evidence-Based Practice * Treatments supported by scientific research. Therapeutic Lifestyle Change Improving mental health through: * Exercise * Sleep * Nutrition * Social connection Biomedical Treatments Medication * Treats symptoms through biological processes. ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) * Uses controlled electrical stimulation to treat severe depression. Psychosurgery * Surgery involving the brain (rare). TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) * Uses magnetic stimulation to affect brain activity. ⸻ Quick Test Tips: * Stress = response, Stressor = cause * Asch = conformity * Milgram = obedience * Big Five = OCEAN * Id = pleasure, Ego = reality, Superego = morals * CBT = thoughts + behaviors * Bystander effect = less helping in groups

Psychology of Obedience: Agentic State and Legitimacy of Authority

factors affecting obedience

obedience

dispositionak explanation of obedience

Obedience

Lesson 3: Conformity & Obedience

Stanley Milgram Experiment & Obedience Flashcards

Social Conformity and Obedience

Milgram (1963) - Destructive obedience

obedience dispositional explanation

Obedience Social Psychological

Obedience Situational variables

Obedience - Milgrams Research

Chapitre 1 2. Platon Greek philosopher who believed the best society is ruled by wise and educated leaders (“philosopher-kings”). 3. Polis An independent Greek city-state with its own government and laws. 4. Aristote Greek philosopher who believed government should work for the common good and serve its citizens. 6. Aristocratie A government ruled by a small group of noble or privileged people. 7. Oligarchie A government controlled by a small group of powerful or wealthy people. 11. Bureaucratie A system where government decisions are carried out by officials and administrators. 12. Pouvoir exécutif The branch of government that enforces laws and runs the country day-to-day. 13. Parlement An elected group of representatives that makes laws. 14. Gouvernement autoritaire A government where one leader or small group holds most of the power and limits freedoms. 15. Pouvoir législatif The branch of government responsible for creating laws. 17. Pouvoir judiciaire The branch of government that interprets laws and operates the courts. 20. Nationalisme Strong pride in and loyalty to one’s nation, culture, and people. 21. Hobbes Believed people are naturally selfish and need a strong government to maintain order and security. 22. Locke Believed all people have natural rights (life, liberty, and property) that governments must protect. 23. Rousseau Believed political power comes from the people and governments should follow the “general will” of society. 25. Constitutionnalisme The principle that government power is limited by a constitution and laws. 26. Adam Smith Father of capitalism; believed free markets and competition create wealth and prosperity. 30. Marx Believed capitalism creates inequality because the rich control production; supported a classless society. 31. La bourgeoisie In Marxism, the wealthy class that owns businesses and the means of production. 37. Monarchie héréditaire A monarchy where power passes from one family member to another through inheritance. 38. Magna Carta A document signed in 1215 that limited the king’s power and established that everyone must follow the law. 40. Rapatrié The return of people, cultural objects, or remains to their country or homeland. 41. Représentation proportionnelle An electoral system where parties receive seats in proportion to the percentage of votes they earn. ⸻ Chapitre 1 (suite) 43. Coup d’État The sudden and often illegal removal of a government from power. 45. Totalitarisme A system where the government controls nearly every aspect of society, politics, and daily life. 48. Référendum A direct vote by citizens to accept or reject a law or political proposal. 49. Organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) An independent organization that works on social, humanitarian, or international issues without being controlled by a government. ⸻ Chapitre 2 1. Idéologie politique A set of beliefs and values about how government and society should function. 2. Libéralisme An ideology that values individual rights, freedom, democracy, and equality before the law. 3. Conservatisme An ideology that values tradition, stability, and gradual change rather than rapid reform. 4. Échiquier politique A spectrum used to compare political beliefs, usually from left to right. 5. Centriste A person whose political views are moderate and fall between the left and right. 7. Libertarianisme The belief that people should have maximum personal freedom and government should have very limited power. 11. Égalitariste A person who believes everyone should have equal rights, opportunities, and treatment. 12. Utilitarisme The idea that decisions should create the greatest happiness or benefit for the greatest number of people. 16. Syndicats Organizations that represent workers and protect their rights, wages, and working conditions. 17. Totalitarisme A political system where the state has complete control over society and citizens. 18. Anarchisme The belief that society can function without a government or centralized authority. 19. Communisme A system where property and resources are collectively owned and social classes no longer exist. 21. Socialisme An economic and political system where important industries are owned or controlled by society or the government to reduce inequality. 23. Syndicalisation The process of joining or creating a labour union. 24. Socialisme démocratique An ideology that supports democracy while using government policies to reduce economic inequality. 28. Adam Smith Believed economic freedom, competition, and free trade benefit society. 29. Capitalisme An economic system based on private ownership, profit, competition, and free markets. ⸻ Chapitre 2 (suite) 30. Mercantilisme The belief that a country becomes richer by controlling trade and exporting more than it imports. 31. Laisser-faire An economic idea that government should interfere as little as possible in the economy. 32. Fascisme An extreme authoritarian ideology that promotes nationalism, obedience to the state, and strong centralized power. 36. Libre-échange Trade between countries with few or no tariffs, taxes, or restrictions. 37. Privatisation The transfer of a government-owned business or service to private ownership. 41. Nationaliser To transfer a private company or industry into government ownership. 46. Féminisme A movement and ideology that seeks equal rights and opportunities for all genders. 47. Mouvement social A group of people working together to create social or political change. 51. Écologisme A movement and ideology focused on protecting the environment and promoting sustainability. 54. Justice sociale Chapitre 3 1. Désobéissance civile The peaceful and deliberate breaking of a law to protest something considered unjust. 2. Religion civile Shared beliefs, symbols, and values that unite a nation and create a sense of national identity. 3. Religion d’État A religion that is officially recognized and supported by a government. 4. Diaspora A group of people living outside their ancestral homeland while maintaining ties to their culture. 5. L’Holocauste The genocide of approximately six million Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II. 6. Djihad In Islam, a struggle or effort in the service of God; it can refer to a personal spiritual struggle or, in some cases, armed defense of the faith. 7. Théocratie A form of government where religious leaders rule and religious law guides the state. 8. Suffrage The right to vote in elections. 9. Siècle des Lumières An intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights. 10. La séparation de l’Église et de l’État The principle that government and religious institutions should remain independent from one another. 11. Dogme A principle or belief accepted as unquestionably true by a religion or ideology. 12. Fondamentalisme A movement that seeks a strict return to the original principles of a religion. 13. Démographie The study of populations, including their size, growth, and characteristics. 14. Sionisme A political movement supporting the creation and preservation of a Jewish homeland in Israel. The idea that society should be fair and provide equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources.

Explanations of Obedience